2023年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試試卷及參考答案

每年都會(huì)有大量的考生參與到考研的隊(duì)伍中，那么關(guān)于2023考研英語(yǔ)二真題試卷怎么做呢?以下是小編準(zhǔn)備的一些2023年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試試卷及參考答案，僅供參考。

2023年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試試卷

Section Ⅰ Use of English

Here’s a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today: you’re the CEO of a small business and though you're making a nice 1 , you need to find a way to take it to the next level. what you need to do is 2 growth by establishing a growth team. A growth team is made up of members from different departments within your company, and it harnesses the power of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.

Let's look at a real-world 4 . Prior to forming a growth team, the software company BitTorrent had 50 employees.Working in the 5 departments of engineering, marketing and product development. This brought them good results until 2012, when their growth plateaued. The 6 was that too many customers were using the basic, free version of their product. And 7 improvements to the premium, paid version, few people were making the upgrade.

Things changed, 8 , when an innovative project marketing manager came aboard, 9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they needed. By looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view, it became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn't due to a quality issue. Most customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.

Armed with this 12 , the marketing and engineering teams joined forces to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the free version. 14 , upgrades skyrocketed, and revenue increased by 92 percent.

But in order for your growth, team to succeed, it needs to a have a strong leader. It needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep them on course for improvement.

This leader will 16 the target area, set clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals. This growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focus on moving forward and steer them clear of distractions. 19 attractive, new ideas can be distracting, the team leader must recognize when these ideas don’t 20 the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.

1.A. purchase B. profit C. connection D. bet

2.A. define B. predict C. prioritize D. appreciate

3.A. exclusively B. temporarily C. potentially D. initially

4.A. experiment B. proposal C. debate D. example

5.A. identical B. marginal C. provisional D. traditional

6.A. rumor B. secret C. myth D. problem

7.A. despite B. unlike C. through D. besides

8.A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. again

9.A. inspected B. created C. expanded D. reformed

10.A.cultural B. objective C. fresh D. personal

11.A. end B. burden C. lack D. decrease

12.A. policy B. suggestion C. purpose D. insight

13.A. contributing B. allocating C. promoting D. transferring

14.A. As a result B. At any rate C. By the way D. In a sense

15.A. unite B. finance C. follow D. choose

16.A. share B. identify C. divide D. broaden

17.A. announcement B. assessment C. adjustment D. accomplishment

18.A. famous B. responsible C. available D. respectable

19.A. Before B. Once C. While D. Unless

20.A. serve B. limit C. summarize D. alter

2023年全國(guó)碩士研究生招生考試試卷答案

【1】B. profit 原文提到“小公司的CEO也掙到了大錢”。make a nice profit意為“掙得可觀的利潤(rùn)”，故選profit。

【2】C. prioritize 原文提到“所需要做的是通過建立一個(gè)發(fā)展小組來優(yōu)先促進(jìn)增長(zhǎng)”。此處強(qiáng)調(diào)“優(yōu)先性”，故選prioritize。

【3】A. exclusively 原文提到“利用合作的力量來專注于專門尋找增長(zhǎng)的方法”。exclusively表示“獨(dú)占地，專門地”，符合題意。

【4】D. example 原文提到“來看一個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的例子”，此處通過舉例子來例證上文的觀點(diǎn)，故選example。

【5】D. traditional 原文提到“50名雇員在工程、市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷與產(chǎn)品研發(fā)等傳統(tǒng)部門工作”。traditional表示“傳統(tǒng)的”，符合題意。

【6】D. problem 原文提到“問題是太多的顧客可以免費(fèi)使用其產(chǎn)品的基礎(chǔ)免費(fèi)版本”。上文指出最開始卓有成就，但后來陷入了瓶頸期，所以，此處應(yīng)銜接具有產(chǎn)生什么樣的問題。故選problem。

【7】A. despite 原文提到“雖然對(duì)于付費(fèi)版本做出了一定的改善，但是幾乎沒有人進(jìn)行升級(jí)”。此處前后形成讓步-轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯，故選despite。

【8】B. however 原文提到“但是自從一位創(chuàng)新的海外經(jīng)理人的到來使得事情發(fā)生了改變”。此處考查上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，上文指出改善沒有得到公眾的買賬，而海外人才的引入?yún)s改變了這一些，所以，此處應(yīng)填入轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯詞，故選however。

【9】B. created 原文提到“這名經(jīng)理人創(chuàng)建了發(fā)展團(tuán)隊(duì)”。此處與首段establish a growth team形成語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選created。

【10】C. fresh 原文提到“引發(fā)了一個(gè)他們所需要的新鮮視角”。創(chuàng)新人才的加入勢(shì)必會(huì)給團(tuán)隊(duì)帶來新鮮血液。此處與本段innovative形成語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選fresh。

【11】C. lack 原文提到“缺少升級(jí)的原因并不是由質(zhì)量問題多導(dǎo)致，而是大部分消費(fèi)者沒有這方面的意識(shí)”。上文提到很少有消費(fèi)者進(jìn)行升級(jí)，所以產(chǎn)品缺少升級(jí)，故選lack。

【12】D. insight 原文提到“具備這種洞察力，市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷和工程部門加入到了團(tuán)隊(duì)之中”。此處與上文fresh perspective形成語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)，新鮮的看法預(yù)示著對(duì)事情有了更獨(dú)到的見解，故選insight。

【13】C. promoting 原文提到“將免費(fèi)版本升級(jí)成優(yōu)質(zhì)版本”。此處與后文upgrade形成語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選promoting。

【14】A. As a result 原文提到“因此，升級(jí)量激增”。此處考查句間的邏輯關(guān)系，由于版本變得更加優(yōu)質(zhì)，所以選擇升級(jí)的人數(shù)數(shù)量在增加，因此應(yīng)填入因果邏輯詞，故選as a result。

【15】A. unite 原文提到“需要一個(gè)人來聯(lián)合來自跨學(xué)科的組別”。上文leader一詞提示，員工之間需要團(tuán)結(jié)才能成功。unite意為“聯(lián)合”，符合題意。

【16】B. identify 原文提到“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要確定目標(biāo)區(qū)域”。下文指出設(shè)立目標(biāo)，所以在設(shè)立目標(biāo)之前應(yīng)確定目標(biāo)區(qū)域，故選identify。

【17】D. accomplishment 原文提到“建立時(shí)間框架賴完成這些目標(biāo)”。上文提到設(shè)立目標(biāo)，所以此處應(yīng)表示實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)，故選accomplishment。

【18】B. responsible 原文提到“領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要負(fù)責(zé)去帶領(lǐng)整個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)一起前進(jìn)”。be responsible for意為“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)”，符合題意。

【19】C. while 原文提到“雖然很有吸引力，但是新的想法會(huì)讓人分心”。此處體現(xiàn)句間的讓步-轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯關(guān)系，故選while。

【20】A. serve 原文提到“一些想法不能服務(wù)目前的目標(biāo)，并且需要暫時(shí)擱置”。即想法和目標(biāo)無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一，所以需要暫停，故選serve。

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

21. The RHS thinks that plastic grass_____

A. is harmful to the environment

B. is a hot topic in gardening circles

C. is overpraised in the annual show

D. is ruining the view of West London

【21】A. is harmful to the environment 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問RHS對(duì)于plastic grass塑料草的看法。通過RHS和plastic grass定位，鎖定句子“The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), which runs the annual show in west London, says it has introduced the ban because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.” 核心句意 “由于塑料草對(duì)環(huán)境和生物多樣性造成的破壞，RHS出臺(tái)了這項(xiàng)禁令。” 文章中because of the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.對(duì)應(yīng)A選項(xiàng)is harmful to the environment。damage和harmful為同義改寫。

22. The petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 revealed the campaigners’

A. disappointment with the RHS

B. resistance to fake grass use

C. anger over the proposed tax

D. concern about real grass supply

【22】B. resistance to fake grass use 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，通過題干petitions(請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?和campaigners(運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者)進(jìn)行定位。通過campaigners所在句子“The RHS’s decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the problems fake grass causes.”得知，campaigners試圖提高人們對(duì)假草造成的問題的認(rèn)識(shí)。下文petitions所在句子，詳細(xì)說明提升對(duì)假草問題的具體方式：It is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions, one calling for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an “ecological damage” tax on such lawns. 即“呼吁禁止銷售塑料草，和呼吁對(duì)此類草坪征收“生態(tài)破壞”稅”。只有B選項(xiàng) resistance to fake grass use(對(duì)假草使用的抵制)，對(duì)定位句進(jìn)行了同義改寫。

23. In Paragraph 4, supporters of fake grass point out______

A. the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass

B. the disadvantages of growing real grass

C. the way to take care of artificial lawns

D. the challenges of insect habitat protection

【23】B. the disadvantages of growing real grass 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問假草支持者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。通過第4段內(nèi)容可概括出“天然草坪也會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成影響，并且真正的草需要大量的水、除草劑或其他處理?！?只有B選項(xiàng)the disadvantages of growing real grass(種植真草的缺點(diǎn)), 是對(duì)文章的同義概括。

24. What would the government do with regard to artificial grass?

A. Urge legislation to restrict its use

B. Take measures to guarantee its quality

C. Remind its users to obey existing rules.

D. Replace it with sustainable alternatives.

【24】C. Remind its users to obey existing rules. 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問“政府會(huì)如何處理人造草?” 通過government和artificial grass定位，從文章中得知“政府沒有計(jì)劃禁止使用人造草，并且人工草地的使用必須遵守現(xiàn)有的法律和政策保障措施。文章中的comply with the legal and policy(遵守法律和政策)與B選項(xiàng)Remind its users to obey existing rules.　(提醒用戶遵守現(xiàn)有規(guī)則。) 是同義改寫。

25. It can be learned from the text that fake grass____

A. is being improved continuously

B. has seen a market share decline

C. is becoming increasing affordable

D. has been a controversial product

【25】D. has been a controversial product. 解析：該題為主旨題，問通過文章可以得出什么關(guān)于假草的結(jié)論。本題考查對(duì)文章主旨和段落大意的把握。文章闡述了RHS， 假草支持者，和政府對(duì)于假草的不同態(tài)度，其中RHS禁止假草的使用，而政府表明沒有禁止計(jì)劃。各方觀點(diǎn)明確并闡述了理由。因?yàn)槲恼率菄@fake grass展開爭(zhēng)議，因?yàn)榇鸢甘荄，是“有爭(zhēng)議性的產(chǎn)品”。

Text 2

26.What problem are US national parks faced with?

A.Decline of business profits.

B.Inadequate commercialization.

C.Lack of transportation services.

D.Poorly maintained infrastructure.

【26】D Poorly maintained infrastructure.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問美國(guó)國(guó)家公園面臨著什么問題，根據(jù)problem, US national parks回到原文定位，文中提到：“美國(guó)國(guó)家公園正處于危機(jī)之中。他們總共有超過120億美元的維護(hù)費(fèi)用積壓下來沒有撥款?！? U.S. national parks are in crisis. Collectively, they have a maintenance backlog of more than billion.)所以美國(guó)國(guó)家公園面臨著維護(hù)缺錢的問題，即基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施維護(hù)不良。

27.Increased privatization of the campgrounds may .

A. spoil visitor experience B. help preserve nature

C. bring operational pressure D. boost visits to parks

【27】A. spoil visitor experience 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問增加露營(yíng)地的私有化可能會(huì)如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞privatization， the campgrounds回到原文定位，文中提到：“增加私有化肯定會(huì)削弱每年3億游客來公園的主要原因之一:享受自然，從淹沒日常生活的商業(yè)鼓聲中得到喘息?！?increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year: to enjoy nature and get a respite from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily life.)所以增加露營(yíng)地的私有化可能會(huì)讓游客仍然受到商業(yè)的影響，不能更好地享受自然，即破壞游客體驗(yàn)。

28.According to Paragraph 5, most respondents in the survey would

A. go to the national parks on a regular basis.

B.advocate a bigger budget for the national parks.

C.agree to pay extra for the national parks.

D.support the national parks’ recent reforms.

【28】C.agree to pay extra for the national parks. 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問調(diào)查中的大多數(shù)受訪者會(huì)如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞respondents，the survey回到原文定位， 文中提到：“約81%的受訪者表示，他們?cè)敢庠谖磥?0年繳納額外的稅款，以避免任何削減國(guó)家公園的開支?！?Some 81% of respondents said they would be willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the national parks.)所以調(diào)查中的大多數(shù)受訪者會(huì)愿意額外繳納稅款，即同意為國(guó)家公園支付額外的費(fèi)用。

29.The national parks are valuable in that they

A.lead the way in tourism. B.have historical significance.

C.sponsor research on climate D. provide an income for the locals.

【29】B.have historical significance. 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問國(guó)家公園很有價(jià)值因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)趺礃樱鶕?jù)關(guān)鍵詞the national parks，valuable回到原文中定位，文中提到，這些公園還有助于讓美國(guó)的歷史充滿活力，與全國(guó)數(shù)千個(gè)地方司法機(jī)構(gòu)合作，保護(hù)包括埃利斯島和葛底斯堡在內(nèi)的歷史遺跡，并讓這些地方的故事變得生動(dòng)起來?！?The parks also help keep America’s past alive, working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to protect historical sites — including Ellis Island and Gettysburg — and to bring the stories of these places to life.)所以國(guó)家公園很有價(jià)值因?yàn)樗鼈冇兄谧屆绹?guó)的歷史充滿活力，保護(hù)歷史遺跡，即有歷史意義。

30.It can be concluded from the text that the national park system

A.is able to cope with staff shortage.

B.is able to meet visitor’s demands.

C.is in need of a new price policy.

D.is in need of a funding increase.

【30】D. is in need of a funding increase. 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問國(guó)家公園體系如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞the national park system回到原文中定位，文中提到：“國(guó)會(huì)每年只給國(guó)家公園系統(tǒng)撥款30億美元——這一數(shù)額自2001年以來一直沒有變化(以通貨膨脹調(diào)整后的美元計(jì)算)，除了2009年作為奧巴馬刺激計(jì)劃一部分的一次增加。與此同時(shí)，自1980年以來，每年的游客數(shù)量增長(zhǎng)了50%以上，現(xiàn)在每年達(dá)到3.3億人次?！?Congress allocates only billion a year to the national park system — an amount that has been flat since 2001 (in inflation-adjusted dollars) with the exception of a onetime boost in 2009 as part of the Obama stimulus package. Meanwhile, the number of annual visitors has increased by more than 50% since 1980, and now stands at 330 million visitors per year.)可以得知，國(guó)家公園體系得到的撥款每年基本上保持不變，然而參觀公園的游客再增長(zhǎng)，所以國(guó)家公園體系需要撥款資金的增加。

Text 3

31. Sparrow’s study show that with the Internet, the human brain will____

A. analyze information in detail

B. collect information efficiently

C. switch its focus of memory

D. extend its memory duration

【31】C. switch its focus of memory 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問Sparrow的研究表明在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代，人類大腦會(huì)怎樣。通過Sparrow定位，最終鎖定第一段最后一句，即對(duì)研究結(jié)論的表“human memory is not deteriorating but "adapting to new communications technology," 人類的記憶并沒有退化，而是“適應(yīng)新的通信技術(shù)”。CD選項(xiàng)都提到了memory, C是轉(zhuǎn)換大腦記憶焦點(diǎn)，D是延長(zhǎng)大腦記憶時(shí)間。文章中的“適應(yīng)新的通信技術(shù)” 對(duì)應(yīng)C選項(xiàng)“轉(zhuǎn)換焦點(diǎn)?！保虼舜鸢甘荂。

32. The process of “cognitive offloading ”_______

A. helps us identify false information

B. keeps our memory from failing

C. enables us to classify trivial facts

D. lessens our memory burdens

【32】D. lessens our memory burdens 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，通過cognitive offloading定位。文章描述“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在成為我們記憶的外部硬盤，這一過程被稱為“cognitive offloading”。傳統(tǒng)上，這一角色是由數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、圖書館和其他人類完成的。例如，你的父親可能永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)記得生日，因?yàn)槟愕哪赣H會(huì)記得。” 即cognitive offloading可以幫助儲(chǔ)存部分記憶，即對(duì)應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)“減輕我們的記憶負(fù)擔(dān)”。

33. Which of the following would Sparrows support about the Internet?

A. It may reform our learning approach

B. It may impact our society negatively

C. It may enhance our adaptability to technology

D. It may interfere with our conceptual thinking

【33】A. It may reform our learning approach 解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，通過Sparrows進(jìn)行定位，本句話表明了Sparrows的觀點(diǎn)：“the trend will change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking” “也許，她建議，這一趨勢(shì)將改變我們的學(xué)習(xí)方式，從關(guān)注個(gè)人事實(shí)和記憶轉(zhuǎn)變，變?yōu)殛P(guān)注更多的概念思維” 。A選項(xiàng)It may reform our learning approach(它可能會(huì)改變我們的學(xué)習(xí)方式)是對(duì)文章的同義改寫。

34. It is indicated in Paragraph 3 that how the Internet affects our brains_____

A. requires further academic research

B. is most studied in older adults

C. is reflected in our reading speed

D. depends on our web-surfing habits

【34】A. requires further academic research 解析：該題為推斷題。段首句明確表示 “還有其他專家表示，現(xiàn)在了解互聯(lián)網(wǎng)如何影響我們的大腦還為時(shí)過早。” 。A選項(xiàng)“需要進(jìn)一步的學(xué)術(shù)研究” 是對(duì)文章的同義改寫。

35. Neither Sparrows nor Storm would agree that______

A. our reliance on the Internet will be costly

B. the Internet is weakening our memory

C. memory exercise is a must for our brains

D. our ability to fucus declines with age

【35】B. the Internet is weakening our memory 解析：該題為觀點(diǎn)對(duì)比，問Sparrows和Storm都不會(huì)同意什么。Sparrows認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以改變我們的學(xué)習(xí)方式，Storm在文章最后一段表明觀點(diǎn)。"There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the Internet, but I'd have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to outweigh those costs," “我們對(duì)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的依賴增加可能會(huì)帶來一些成本，但我不得不想象，總的來說，收益將超過這些成本?！保?yàn)镾torm也支持互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。即兩人都沒有認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有害，對(duì)應(yīng)B選項(xiàng)the Internet is weakening our memory，即都不會(huì)認(rèn)為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正在削弱我們的記憶。

Text 4

36.According to Paragraph 1, children growing into adolescence tend to .

A.develop opposite personality traits.

B.see the world in an unreasonable way.

C.have fond memories of their past.

D.show affection for their parents.

【36】A. develop opposite personality traits.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問進(jìn)入青春期的孩子往往會(huì)如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞children，adolescence回到原文中定位， 文中提到：“在青春期，無(wú)助和依賴成年人的孩子成為獨(dú)立的人，他們可以照顧自己，互相幫助。與此同時(shí)，曾經(jīng)快樂順從的孩子變成了叛逆的冒險(xiǎn)家，往往到了自我毀滅的地步。(In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers, often to the point of self-destruction. )所以進(jìn)入青春期的孩子往往發(fā)展出相反的人格特征。

37.It can be learned form Paragraph 2 that Crone’s study

A. explores teenagers’ social responsibilities.

B. examines teenagers’ emotional problems.

C. provides a new insight into adolescence.

D. highlights negative adolescent behavior.

【37】C. provides a new insight into adolescence.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問Crone的研究如何，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Crone’s study回到原文中定位，文中提到：“這項(xiàng)研究是對(duì)青春期思考的新浪潮的一部分。很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間以來，科學(xué)家和政策制定者都認(rèn)為青少年是一個(gè)需要解決的問題。這項(xiàng)新研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，青春期是一個(gè)充滿機(jī)遇和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的時(shí)期?！?The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.)所以Crone的研究和以往對(duì)于青春期的思考不一樣，即為青春期提供了一個(gè)新的見解。

38.What does Crone’s study find about prosocial behavior?

A.It results from the wish to cooperate.

B.It is cultivated through education.

C.It is subject to family influence.

D.It tends to peak in adolescence.

【38】D.It tends to peak in adolescence.解析：該題為細(xì)節(jié)題，問關(guān)于親社會(huì)的行為，Crone的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞Crone’s study，prosocial behavior回到原文中定位，文中提到：“有趣的是，這項(xiàng)新研究表明，親社會(huì)行為也存在同樣的模式。青少年比年幼的兒童或成年人更有可能報(bào)告他們做過無(wú)私地幫助朋友等事情?！? the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.)所以相比幼童和成人，青少年更容易做出親社會(huì)的行為，即親社會(huì)的行為往往在青春期達(dá)到頂峰。

39.It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers

A.overstress their influence on others.

B.care a lot about social recognition.

C.become anxious about their future.

D.endeavor to live a joyful life.

【39】B. care a lot about social recognition.解析：該題為推理題，問青少年如何，文中提到：“青少年對(duì)社會(huì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)特別敏感——贏得比賽，給新朋友留下深刻印象，讓那個(gè)男孩注意到你?！?Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you.)這些都是說青少年在乎社會(huì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，即社會(huì)認(rèn)可。

40.What is the text mainly about?

A.Why teenagers are self-contradictory.

B.Why teenagers are sensitive.

C.How teenagers develop prosociality.

D.How teenagers become independent.

【40】A.Why teenagers are self-contradictory. 解析：該題為主旨題，第一段開頭提到青少年是矛盾的，中間部分通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)主要討論青少年自相矛盾的表現(xiàn)，最后部分探討了青少年自相矛盾產(chǎn)生的原因。所以這篇文章主要討論了青少年為什么是自相矛盾的。

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

New building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are set to increase the price of new homes, as well as those of extensions and loft conversions on existing ones.

The rules, which came into effect on Wednesday in England, are part of government plans to reduce the UK’s carbon emissions to net zero by 2050. They set new standards for ventilation, energy efficiency and heating, and state that new residential buildings must have charging points for electric vehicles.

The moves are the most significant change to building regulations in years, and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs is already driving up bills.

Brian Berry, chief executive of the Federation of Master Builders, a trade group for small and medium-sized builders, says the measures will require new materials, testing methods, products and systems to be installed. “All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high. Inevitably, consumers will have to pay more,” he says.

Gareth Belsham, of surveyors Naismiths, says people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directly affected.

“The biggest changes relate to heating and insulation,” he says. “There are new rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions, and any new windows or doors must be highly insulated.”

The changes could mean an extra ?3,000 added to the bill of an average home extension, according to Jonathan Rolande of the National Association of Property Buyers, a group of professionals aimed at raising construction standards.

Homeowners extending may see the amount of space they have decrease, as walls will have to be thicker in order to comply with requirements for better insulation.

Andrew Mellor, of PRP architects, says external walls will need to be about 7cm thicker than previously.

Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards, while there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce unwanted heat from the sun.

Thomas Goodman, of MyJobQuote, a site which sources quotes, says this will bring in new restrictions for extensions.

“Glazing on windows, doors and roof lights must cover no more than 25% of the floor area to prevent heat loss, ” he says.

As properties become more airtight, there are also measures to ensure proper airflow, such as having small openings (trickle vents) on windows that allow ventilation when a window is closed.

For people extending their homes, they may be required to install a new, or replacement, heating system depending on the size of the build, says Belsham. These will have to use lower temperature water to deliver the same heat, which will require increased insulation of pipes.

“We’ll see more insulation, better lighting design and restrictions on the amount of glass used in some areas. But with more thermal-efficient homes can come the risk of overheating due to solar gain, and so ventilation is also covered,” says Rolande. “As a result, double-glazed windows will require trickle vents to let heat escape and also to provide fresh air for health reasons and, of course, to reduce the risk of condensation build up in an ever-more airtight property.”

As the rules came into effect last Wednesday, property developers were rushing to file plans just before the deadline, according to Belsham. Any plans submitted before that date are considered to be under the previous rules, and can go ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.

An average extension will probably see around ?3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs

Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates, says Marcus Jefford of Build Aviator, which prices projects.

As the changes are aimed to make homes more energy efficient, they will eventually drive down heating bills. But in the short-term homeowners are likely to face higher costs for work.

Materials prices are already up 25% in the last two years, according to figures from the Construction Products Association.

How much overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not clear. “While admirable in their intentions, they will add to the cost of housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of homeownership,” says Rolande. “An average extension will probably see around ?3,000 additional cost thanks to the new regs.”

John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future. “As the marketplace adapts to the new requirements, and the technologies that support them, the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring costs down, but in the short term, we will all have to pay the price of the necessary transition,” he says.

However, the long-term effects of the changes will be more comfortable and energy-efficient homes, adds Mellor. “Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time.”

【41】D

The new rules will take home prices to an even higher level.

根據(jù)題干Brian Berry進(jìn)行定位，原文提到“All this comes at an increased cost during a time when prices are already sky high.”，即在價(jià)格已經(jīng)高得離譜的時(shí)候，所有這些都會(huì)增加成本。對(duì)于消費(fèi)者而言，新政策的發(fā)布會(huì)讓原本就很高的房?jī)r(jià)繼續(xù)攀高。D項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫，故D項(xiàng)正確。

【42】F

The new rules will affect people whose home extensions include new windows or doors.

根據(jù)題干Gareth Belsham進(jìn)行定位，原文提到“people who are upgrading, or extending their home, will be directly affected”，即考慮升級(jí)或者擴(kuò)建房屋的人們會(huì)受到影響。F項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫，故F項(xiàng)正確。

【43】B

Builders possibly need to submit new estimates of their projects.

根據(jù)題干Marcus Jefford定位定位，原文提到“Builders which have costed projects, but have not filed the paperwork, may need to go back and submit fresh estimates”，即已經(jīng)估算項(xiàng)目成本但尚未提交文件的建筑商可能需要回去提交新的估算。B項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫，故B項(xiàng)正確。

【44】A

The rise of home prices is a temporary matter.

根據(jù)John Kelly進(jìn)行定位，原文提到“John Kelly, a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm, believes prices will eventually come down. But not in the immediate future.”，即房?jī)r(jià)最終一定會(huì)下降，但并不是在短期之內(nèi)。所以，房?jī)r(jià)的下跌只是一個(gè)時(shí)間問題。A項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫，故A項(xiàng)正確。

【45】G

The rule changes will benefit homeowners eventually.

根據(jù)Andrew Mellor 進(jìn)行定位，原文提到“”Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in energy bill savings. It will obviously be very volatile at the moment, but they will have that benefit over time.”，即隨著時(shí)間的推移，房主很可能會(huì)通過節(jié)省能源賬單來收回這筆費(fèi)用。目前情況顯然會(huì)很不穩(wěn)定，但隨著時(shí)間的推移，他們會(huì)從中受益。G項(xiàng)為原文的同義改寫，故G項(xiàng)正確。

Section III Translation

【46】

In the late 18th century, William Wordsworth became famous for his poems about nature. And he was one of the founders of a movement called Romanticism, which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.

Poetry is powerful. Its energy and rhythm can capture a reader, transport them to another world and make then see things differently. Through carefully selected words and phrases, poems can be dramatic, funny, beautiful, moving and inspiring.

No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for thousands of years, even before people could write. It was a way to tell stories and pass down history. It is closely related to song and even when written it is usually created to be performed out loud. Poems really come to life when they ave recited. This can also help with understanding them too, because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.

第一段簡(jiǎn)單介紹了一下威廉·華茲華斯以及引出話題詩(shī)歌。

18世紀(jì)晚期，威廉·華茲華斯因其關(guān)于自然的詩(shī)歌而聞名。他是浪漫主義運(yùn)動(dòng)的創(chuàng)始人之一，該運(yùn)動(dòng)頌揚(yáng)自然世界的奇跡。

第二段概說詩(shī)歌的作用。

詩(shī)歌是有力量的。它的能量和節(jié)奏可以吸引讀者，將讀者帶到另一個(gè)世界，讓他們以不同的方式看待事物。通過精心挑選的詞語(yǔ)和短語(yǔ)，詩(shī)歌可以是戲劇性的、有趣的、美麗的、動(dòng)人的和鼓舞人心的。

第三段概說詩(shī)歌的來源。

沒有人確切地知道詩(shī)歌是什么時(shí)候開始的，但它已經(jīng)存在了數(shù)千年，甚至在人們會(huì)寫字之前。這是一種講述故事和傳承歷史的方式。它與歌曲密切相關(guān)，即使是寫出來的，也通常是為了大聲表演而創(chuàng)作的。當(dāng)詩(shī)歌被朗誦出來時(shí)，才真正活起來。因?yàn)槔收b出來，單詞的節(jié)奏和發(fā)音變得更加清晰，所以這也有助于人們理解詩(shī)歌。

Section IV Writing

Part A

【47】Directions:

An art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday, and your friend David asks you which one he should go to.

Write him an email to

1) make a suggestion, and

2) give your reason(s)

You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.

Do not use your own name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)

參考范文

Dear David,

How are you doing recently? I am writing this email to provide some advice on the exhibition and show.

The detailed information is as follows. First of all, it is highly suggested that you should go to the robot show since I know you are always interested in the robot and machine. In addition, it is advisable for you to know some information about the ticket price and some limitation in advance. Last but not least, it is extremely important that you should utilize this platform to make more friends who have a lot of common with you.

I hope the above information would be useful. I am looking forward to your favorable reply.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

Part B

【48】In your essay, you should describe the picture briefly, interpret the implied meaning and give your comments.You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)

參考范文

The above line chart explicitly presents information about the health literacy level of the citizens in China from 2012 to 2021. As is clearly illustrated in the graph, the share of health literacy ascended slightly from 8.8% to 11.58% from 2012 to 2016. Meanwhile, the proportion increased greatly from 11.58% to 25.4% from 2016 to 2021.

Several factors, from my perspective, can be easily found to account for the phenomenon, among which I would like to name three most significant ones as follows. In the first place, it is universally acknowledged that the relevant health departments has spared more efforts to advocate and encourage the public to pay attention to the physical and mental health. In addition, there is no denying that with the rapid development of social media such as short videos, more and more residents can get more health tips online. Last but not least, the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 in 2019 has been a wake-up call for many people, who began to focus on healthy and nutritious diet and do exercise, which is another significant factor that could not be ignored.

Taking all these factors into consideration, we can safely come to the conclusion that the current trend will continue for a while in the near future.

考研復(fù)試的難度大不大

考研復(fù)試難度肯定是有的，難度大小取決于考生的基礎(chǔ)能力。考研復(fù)試主要考查的內(nèi)容有英語(yǔ)測(cè)試、專業(yè)課及綜合素質(zhì)。

在考研復(fù)試中，需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

1、貿(mào)然聯(lián)系導(dǎo)師

在復(fù)試前，不要瘋狂打電話給導(dǎo)師，這樣是非常不禮貌的。

與老師進(jìn)行郵件聯(lián)系，使用恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題、必要的禮貌用語(yǔ)以及言簡(jiǎn)意賅的文字內(nèi)容，最后不要忘了完整的簡(jiǎn)歷一定要用PDF附件的形式發(fā)送。

與老師進(jìn)行電話聯(lián)系時(shí)一定要提前預(yù)約或者提前發(fā)短信，得到老師同意以后再進(jìn)行交流，千萬(wàn)不要直接打電話或者登門拜訪，這樣會(huì)顯得非常不禮貌。

2、忽視復(fù)試

通過考研初試只是證明了你的學(xué)習(xí)能力沒有問題，具備了進(jìn)入復(fù)試的資格，但是沒有學(xué)校是等額復(fù)試的，有些學(xué)校甚至是200%的復(fù)試差額比例，這就意味著進(jìn)入復(fù)試的考生將被刷掉一半。

3、自我介紹平庸

流水賬式的自我介紹無(wú)法給導(dǎo)師留下好印象，很多考生會(huì)選擇使用網(wǎng)上的自我介紹模板，但這樣的模板已經(jīng)有很多人用過了，這樣很難給老師眼前一亮的感覺。

自我介紹要直入主題，說自己的學(xué)術(shù)生涯規(guī)劃、學(xué)術(shù)經(jīng)歷等等，最好能把自己的相關(guān)的如優(yōu)秀的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)、發(fā)表的文章、比賽獲獎(jiǎng)證書或科研實(shí)踐成果等展示出來。

4、儀表行為不大方

大部分院校會(huì)采取線上復(fù)試的形式，有禮貌很重要，開了視頻見到老師先向老師問好。回答老師的問題前先說“感謝老師的提問”，回答完老師的問題再次表達(dá)感謝?；卮饐栴}的時(shí)候要大方，這樣給老師的感覺就是非常自信。

跨專業(yè)考研的難度

跨專業(yè)考研意味著你將要接觸的是一個(gè)陌生或者是不熟悉的領(lǐng)域。難度肯定是不小的。

1、專業(yè)課基礎(chǔ)薄弱

對(duì)于跨專業(yè)考研來說，最難的部分要屬專業(yè)課學(xué)習(xí)。首先，跨專業(yè)考研需要我們?cè)诙虝r(shí)間內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)另外一個(gè)專業(yè)本科所學(xué)的幾乎全部的知識(shí)，你的專業(yè)課基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備缺乏，需要比那些本專業(yè)考生付出更大的努力，并且還會(huì)擠壓對(duì)于公共課學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間。

在為期一年的復(fù)習(xí)過程中，如果你去跨專業(yè)，從冷門跨到熱門，或者跨到完全不相干的專業(yè)，你必須考慮，你所要學(xué)習(xí)的所有公共課和專業(yè)課的知識(shí)，完成的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)，是不是你的基礎(chǔ)能夠在一年時(shí)間里面完成的，這是很現(xiàn)實(shí)的，不是光憑熱情和勇氣就能解決的問題。

2、思維的轉(zhuǎn)變難

跨專業(yè)考研時(shí)面對(duì)的是一個(gè)嶄新的學(xué)科，有的甚至是理科與文科之間的轉(zhuǎn)換，這不僅是知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)科的轉(zhuǎn)換，更是思維方式的轉(zhuǎn)變。思維模式不同，二者的學(xué)習(xí)方法也不同，如果你是從理科轉(zhuǎn)入文科的學(xué)習(xí)，那么構(gòu)建自己的知識(shí)體系很重要。如果你從文科轉(zhuǎn)入理科學(xué)習(xí)，那么培養(yǎng)自己的邏輯能力就非常重要。

3、收集資料難

對(duì)于跨專業(yè)考生來說，第一要收集院校考研動(dòng)態(tài)、參考書目、歷年真題等;第二要收集所報(bào)考專業(yè)本科生的期末考試題目、課堂筆記、教師課件、課堂作業(yè)等，如果這些信息特別難以查找，也不要過分浪費(fèi)時(shí)間于此，抓住參考書和真題即可，你找不到的信息或許他人也不是很容易就找到;第三要充分了解目標(biāo)學(xué)校和目標(biāo)專業(yè)的情況。盡量多的獲得相關(guān)信息，才能知道自己如何備考。