2019英語(yǔ)考研詞匯復(fù)習(xí)筆記
2019英語(yǔ)考研詞匯復(fù)習(xí)筆記
翻碩復(fù)習(xí)的一大重頭戲就是詞匯，而詞匯量是巨大的，必須要有日常的積累和復(fù)習(xí)，并且掌握科學(xué)的記憶方法，才能最有效地積累詞匯量。下面是關(guān)于英語(yǔ)詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)筆記以供大家參考。
(1)
1、appease(vt)make sb/sth quiet or calm，usu by making concessions or by satisfying demands 使
某人某事物安靜或平息(通常為作出讓步或滿(mǎn)足要求)
appease sb’s anger 平息某人的怒氣
◎ appeasement(n)平息的行動(dòng)或政策(尤指為避免戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)潛在敵人作出的讓步);安撫，姑 息
★ placate(vt)make sb less angry;soothe or pacify 安慰，撫慰某人，使某人平靜，息怒
◎ placatory(adj)安慰的，撫慰的，和解的
2、catastrophe(n)sudden great desaster or misfortune 突如其來(lái)的大災(zāi)難或大災(zāi)禍
The earthquake was a terrible catastrophe 這次地震是可怕的災(zāi)難。
◎ catastrophic(adj)災(zāi)難性的
★ calamity(n)serious misfortune or disaster 災(zāi)禍，災(zāi)難
There are worse calamities than failing your driving test 比起你駕駛考試不合格來(lái)，更大的災(zāi)難還 多著呢。
3、daunt(vt)(通常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))discourage sb;frighten 使某人氣餒，威嚇;
I was rather daunted by the thought of addressing such an audience 我一想到要對(duì)這樣的 聽(tīng)眾講話(huà)，就有些膽小。
(習(xí)語(yǔ))nothing daunted 毫無(wú)懼色，毫不氣餒
★ dismay(n)feeling of shock and discouragement 驚愕，氣餒，灰心
We watched in blank dismay as she packed her bags 我們瞧著她打行李，感到無(wú)可奈何。
4、gape(vi)(貶)stare with an open mouth，usu in surprise 目瞪口呆的凝視，張嘴注視 ～ at sb/sth
What are you gaping at?你目瞪口呆的看什么呢?
★ gawk(vi)(口)stare impolitely or stupidly;無(wú)禮的或呆呆的瞪眼看 ～ at sb/sth
I hate being gawking at。我討厭任佳直瞪著我。
5、duration(n)time during which sth lasts or continues 持續(xù)時(shí)間，期間
for the duration of this government 本屆政府執(zhí)政期間
★ period(n)length or portion of time 一段時(shí)間，時(shí)期
He has had several long periods of time abroad。他在國(guó)外長(zhǎng)期工作過(guò)幾次。
◎ periodic(adj)定期的，周期的
6、implore(vt)ask or beg sb earnestly;beseech 懇求或乞求某人;哀求;
They implored her to stay 他們懇求她留下。
◎ imploring(adj)哀求的，懇求的
★ entreat(vt)ask sb for sth earnestly and feelingly;beg (為某事)懇求某人 ～ sth of sb
May I entreat a favor of you?您能幫幫忙么?
◎ entreaty(n)懇求，請(qǐng)求，要求
7、muffle(vt)wrap or cover sb/sth for warmth or protection 包裹或覆蓋某人某物(為保暖或保 護(hù)) ～ sb/sth up in sth
He walked out into the snow，heavily muffled up in a thick scarf and warm overcoat。他雪天出門(mén)， 裹著厚厚的圍巾，穿著暖和的大衣。
★ wrap(vt)cover or enclose sth in soft or flexible material (用軟的或可彎曲的材料)包或裹某 物 ～ sth up in sth
I have wrapped up the parcels and they’re ready to be posted。我把包裹都包好了，可以寄出去了。
8、prank(n)playful or mischievous trick 玩笑，惡作劇
★ trick(n)thing done in order to deceive or outwit sb 詭計(jì)，計(jì)謀，花招，騙術(shù)
We need a trick to get past the guards 我們需要用計(jì)騙過(guò)崗哨。
9、saunter(vi)walk in a leisurely way;stroll 漫步，閑逛
saunter down the avenue 沿著林蔭道漫步
★ stroll(vi)walk in a slow leisurely way 散步;漫步;閑逛;溜達(dá)
He strolls in and out as he pleases 他隨意的出來(lái)進(jìn)去閑逛。
10、trickle(v)cause sth to flow in a thin stream 使某物成小股流動(dòng)
Blood trickled from the wound 血液從傷口流出來(lái)。
★ drip(vi)fall in drops 滴下
Rain was dripping down from the trees 雨水從樹(shù)上滴下。
(2)
1、astound(vt)(通常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))overcome sb with surprise or shock;amaze 使震驚，使 大吃一驚;使驚奇
We were astounded to read your letter 我們看了你的信大吃一驚。
◎ astounding(adj)使人震驚的
★ amaze(vt)(尤用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))fill sb with great surprise or wonder 使某人驚異或驚奇
We were amazed at the change in his appearance 他的樣子變得使我們大為驚奇。
2、clan(n)group of families，esp in Scotland，descended from a common ancestor 宗族，家族;
(尤指蘇格蘭氏的)氏族;大家族，大家庭
★ tribe(n)racial group(esp in a primitive or nomadic culture)united by language，religion，customs etc and living as a community under one or more chiefs 部落
3、distort(vt)pull or twist sth out of its usual shape 使某物變形，扭曲，弄歪某物
a face distorted by pain 因疼痛而扭曲的臉
(vt)make sth look or sound unnatural 使某物失真
The announcement was so distorted that I couldn’t understand what was said 通告播出的聲音嚴(yán)重失 真，我聽(tīng)不懂說(shuō)的是什么。
★ falsify(vt)alter falsely 竄改(如文件);偽造;
falsify records 偽造記錄
(vt)present sth falsely 歪曲(某事物)
falsify an issue 歪曲問(wèn)題
4、entrust(vt)trust sb to take charge of sth/sb 委托某人負(fù)責(zé)某事物(照看某人) ～ A to B ～
B with A
He entrusted his children to me 他托我照看一天孩子。
★ commit(vt)do sth illegal，wrong or foolish 做不合法的、錯(cuò)的或愚蠢的事;犯
commit murder 犯兇殺
5、glutton(n)person who eats too much 貪吃的人，吃的過(guò)多的人
You’ve eaten the whole pie，you glutton 你把整塊餡餅都吃了，你這貪吃鬼!
★ gormandizer(n)(貶)大吃大喝的人
6、invalid(adj)not properly based or able to be upheld by reasoning 無(wú)適當(dāng)根據(jù)的，無(wú)道理的， 站不住腳的;
an invalid argument 站不住腳的論據(jù)
(adj)not usable;not officially acceptable (because of an incorrect detail or details); not legally recognized 無(wú)用的，不能正式接受的，法律上不承認(rèn)的，無(wú)效的
A passport that is out of date is invalid 護(hù)照過(guò)期的是無(wú)效的
(n)病弱者，傷殘者;久病者
He has been an invalid all his life 他終身殘廢。
★ worthless(adj)having no value or usefulness 無(wú)價(jià)值的，沒(méi)用的
This contract is now worthless。這份合同現(xiàn)在毫無(wú)價(jià)值了。
7、overtone(n)(通常做復(fù)數(shù))something suggested or implied in addition to what is actually stated; hint 暗示，含義，弦外之音
overtones of despair in a letter 信中字里行間的絕望之意
★ implication(n)含義，暗示，暗指 ～ for sb/sth
The new report has far-reaching implications for the future of broadcasting 這一新報(bào)告對(duì)廣播業(yè)的 前途有些意味深長(zhǎng)的暗示
8、probe(n)tool for examining a place which cannot be reached otherwise，esp a thin implement with
a blunt end used by a doctor for examining a wound 探察工具，探測(cè)器;(尤指醫(yī)生用的)探子， 探針
(vt)explore or examine sth with or as if with a probe (用或似用探針等)探查，探測(cè)
He probed the swelling anxiously with his finger 他很擔(dān)心的用手指觸摸腫處。
★ investigate(v)find out and examine all the facts about sth in order to obtain the truth 調(diào)查，偵察
Scientists are investigating to find out the cause of the crash 科學(xué)家們正在調(diào)查失事的原因。
(vt)find out detailed facts about sb or his character by questioning observation，etc 審問(wèn)，審查
Applicants for government posts are always thoroughly investigated before being appointed 申請(qǐng)擔(dān)任政府公職的人總要經(jīng)過(guò)徹底審查才能受到委任。
9、shrine(n)any place that is regarded as hole because of its associations with a special person or event 神圣的地方或處所;圣地，圣壇;神龕
Wimbledon is a shrine for all lovers of tennis 溫布爾登是所有網(wǎng)球愛(ài)好者的圣地。
★ sanctuary(n)sacred place，eg a church，temple or mosque 圣所，圣地(如教堂、廟宇或回 教寺院)
(n)(為受逮捕、攻擊威脅的人提供的)庇護(hù)所
The fleeing rebels found a sanctuary in the nearby church 叛亂后逃跑的人躲進(jìn)附近教堂尋求庇護(hù)。
10、statut(en)law passed by Parliament or a similar law-making body and written down formally 成文法，法規(guī)，法令
(n)any of the rules of an institution 條例;規(guī)則，章程
under the University’s statutes 根據(jù)該大學(xué)的章程
★ bill(n)帳單;廣告，招貼，海報(bào)，告示;(電影院、劇場(chǎng)等的)節(jié)目單;(提交議會(huì)討論 的)法案
(v)send sb a bill for sth 送交某人帳單(要求為某事物付帳) ～ sb for sth
I can’t pay for the books now。Will you bill me for them later?這些書(shū)我現(xiàn)在不能付款，事后給我 寄帳單來(lái)好么?
11、writhe(vi)(of sb or sb’s body)twist or roll about，esp because of great pain (指某人或身 體)扭動(dòng)或翻滾)(尤指因劇痛)
The patient was writhing about on the bed in agony 病人疼的在床上直打滾。
★ wriggle(v)cause sth to make quick，short twisting and turning movements 使某物扭動(dòng)、蠕動(dòng)、 蜿蜒行進(jìn)
I can’t brush your hair if you keep wriggling all the time 你要是一直扭來(lái)扭去，我就沒(méi)法給 你梳頭了。
(3)
1、behold(vt)(古或修辭，常用于祈使語(yǔ)氣) 看(尤指不尋常之物)
The babe was a wonder to behold。這個(gè)嬰兒看上去令人稱(chēng)奇。
★ observe(vt)(只用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)) see and notice sb/sth;watch carefully 看到，注意到某人 某事物;觀察，監(jiān)視
He observed keenly，but says little 他觀察敏銳，但是很少說(shuō)話(huà)
2、condescend(vi)(貶)do sth that one regards as undignified or below one’s level of importance 屈尊，俯就
She actually condescended to say hello to me in the street today。她今天在街上竟能屈尊跟我打招呼。
(vi)(貶)behave kindly or graciously，but in a way that shows one feels that one is better than other people (帶有優(yōu)越感的)故意表示和藹可親 ～ to sb
I do wish he wouldn’t condescend to the junior staff in his department。我但愿他不要假惺惺的紆尊降貴接近部門(mén)的低級(jí)員工。
★ deign(vt)(有時(shí)做貶語(yǔ)或反語(yǔ))be kind or gracious enough to do sth;condescend 屈尊，俯就(做某事)
He walked past me without even deigning to look at me。他從我身旁走過(guò)，竟沒(méi)有屈尊看我一眼。
3、dike(n)ditch for allowing water to flow away from land 排水溝
(n)long wall of earth，etc to keep back water and prevent flooding(攔水防洪的)上堤，堤壩
★ bank(n)河邊的斜坡;河邊的土地;河岸;河畔
(n)銀行
4、flip(vt)toss sth with a sharp movement of the thumb and forefinger so that is turns over in the air
(用拇指和食指)捻(某物)(使之在空中翻轉(zhuǎn))
flip a coin 捻硬幣(拋向空中)
(vt)turn sth over quickly 快速的翻轉(zhuǎn)某物 ～ sth over
flip the pages over 很快的翻著書(shū)頁(yè)。
★ toss(vt)throw sth lightly or carelessly or easily 扔，拋，擲 ～ sth to sb
He tossed the book down on the table 他把書(shū)扔在桌子上。
5、grisly(adj)causing horror or terror ghastly 恐怖的，可怕的
the grisly remains of the half-eaten corpses 尸體被吃掉一半的恐怖殘骸
★ horrible(adj)causing horror 可怕的，令人恐懼的
(adj)令人極不愉快的
6、knave(n)dishonest man;man without honour 不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人，不名譽(yù)的人
★ rogue(n)dishonest or unprincipled man 不誠(chéng)實(shí)的或不道德的男子;無(wú)恥之徒;
(n)(謔，尤做褒義)調(diào)皮搗蛋的人
He’s a charming rogue 他是個(gè)淘氣鬼
7、parley(n)(尤指正式的)meeting between enemies or opponents to discuss terms for peace， etc 敵對(duì)雙方的和談
(v)have a parley 與某人談判 ～ with sb
★ negotiation(n 不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞，做可數(shù)名詞時(shí)常做復(fù)數(shù))discussion aimed at reaching an agreement;negotiating 商議;談判;讓與;流通
The price is a matter for negotiation 價(jià)格是可以談判的。
8、shred(n)(尤做復(fù)數(shù))strip or piece torn，cut or scraped from sth (撕下、切下或刮下的) 細(xì)條，碎片
The jacket was torn to shreds by the barbed wire 那件夾克讓鐵絲網(wǎng)給掛碎了。
★ fragment(n)small part or piece broken off(sth) 某物的碎片;某物的片斷或不完整部分
I heard only a fragment of their conversation 我只聽(tīng)到他們談話(huà)的只言片語(yǔ)。
◎ fragmentary(adj)支離破碎的
9、surmise(vt)suppose sth without having evidence that makes it certain;guess 猜測(cè)某事物，猜想，揣測(cè)
With no news from the explorers we can only surmise their present position 我們沒(méi)有探險(xiǎn)者的消息，只能猜測(cè)他們現(xiàn)在所處的位置。
★ guess(v) give an answer，form an opinion or make a statement about sth without calculating or measuring and without definite knowledge 猜想，估計(jì)，臆測(cè)，推測(cè) ～ at sth
10、vicissitude(n)(通常做復(fù)數(shù))change in one’s circumstances，esp for the worse (個(gè)人境況的)改變，(尤指)變壞
★ variety(n)quality of not being the same，or not being the same at all times 變化，多樣化
(n)number or range of different things;assortment 若干不同事物的混合 ～ of sth
11、warden(n)person responsible for supervising sth 負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督、監(jiān)護(hù)或監(jiān)管的人
the warden of a youth hostel 青年招待所的管理員
★ watchman(n)person employed to guard a building (受雇看守建筑物，如銀行、辦公樓或工廠的)警衛(wèi)員，看守人(尤指夜間的)
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