中考英語(yǔ)任務(wù)型閱讀解題指導(dǎo)
任務(wù)型閱讀理解,是英語(yǔ)占比最大的一塊,想要得到高分也有一定的難處,需要掌握對(duì)的學(xué)習(xí)技巧,下面就是小編給大家?guī)淼闹锌加⒄Z(yǔ)任務(wù)型閱讀解題指導(dǎo),希望大家喜歡!
一、信息匹配型
信息匹配題的主要特點(diǎn)是將主題類似的信息放在一起,要求學(xué)生迅速甄別不同點(diǎn),并對(duì)特定細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行篩選、類比和綜合。這類題目既考查學(xué)生的快速閱讀能力,又考查學(xué)生提取信息、處理信息、綜合運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的能力。
技巧點(diǎn)撥
(1)仔細(xì)閱讀試題選項(xiàng),正確理解每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思。對(duì)于談?wù)撓嗨浦黝}的選項(xiàng),需區(qū)別內(nèi)容的相同點(diǎn)和不同點(diǎn),并牢記體現(xiàn)不同點(diǎn)的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。
(2)快速瀏覽短文,依靠標(biāo)題迅速抓住每篇短文的主題。瀏覽過程中若發(fā)現(xiàn)答題所需的具體信息,在詞語(yǔ)或句子下面畫線并標(biāo)上所答的題號(hào),以便初步敲定答案。對(duì)那些暫時(shí)無(wú)法確定答案的題目,可暫且放置一邊,并在第二次閱讀時(shí)予以解決。
(3)第二次閱讀短文時(shí)必須有針對(duì)性,主要為了解決兩個(gè)問題:一是仔細(xì)檢查已初步認(rèn)定的答案與單句是否匹配;二是找到第一遍瀏覽時(shí)尚未確定的信息。
(4)為確保答案的準(zhǔn)確性,再次將選項(xiàng)跟短文的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行比較,檢查有無(wú)謬誤或疏漏之處。
中考實(shí)例
(2015年佛山卷)閱讀下面5組語(yǔ)言材料,從A到F選項(xiàng)中找出與它們相對(duì)應(yīng)的標(biāo)題。[51 52 53][55 54 ][The bee gets sweet juice from the flowers with its mouth, which is shaped liked a tube (吸管). Bees fly hundreds of times between flowers and their honeycombs (蜂巢).][A. Where to store honey B. How to get flower juiceC. Ready to eat
D. How to collect honey E. Where to keep bees F. Special clothes to wear][In the country, some bees make their homes in places like the trunk of a tree. Bees make honeycombs with wax (蠟) from their own bodies. The space in the honeycomb is where the honey is stored.][In gardens or farms, beekeepers keep bees in behives (蜂箱) like this one so they can collect honey. About fifty thousand bees live in one beehive.][Honey is used to make lots of different food. It is delicious when it is spread onto bread.][The beekeeper collects the honey from the beehive. He takes out the honeycomb which is full of honey. He wears special clothes so that he doesnt get bitten.]
【主旨大意】
本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了蜜蜂如何采蜜以及養(yǎng)蜂人如何收集蜂蜜。
【參考答案】
51. B。本段大意:蜜蜂用像吸管一樣的嘴采花蜜,在花與蜂巢之間飛行數(shù)百次。閱讀所給標(biāo)題可知,B項(xiàng)主題“如何獲取花蜜”能與本段大意匹配。故選B。
52. A。本段大意:在鄉(xiāng)村,一些蜜蜂在樹杈處筑巢,而蜂巢就是儲(chǔ)存蜂蜜的地方。閱讀所給標(biāo)題可知,A項(xiàng)主題“在什么地方儲(chǔ)存蜂蜜”能與本段大意匹配。故選A。
53. E。本段大意:在花園或農(nóng)場(chǎng),養(yǎng)蜂人用蜂箱養(yǎng)蜂以便收集蜂蜜,一個(gè)蜂箱大約容納5萬(wàn)只蜜蜂。閱讀所給標(biāo)題可知,E項(xiàng)“在哪里養(yǎng)蜂”能與本段大意匹配。故選E。
54. D。本段大意:養(yǎng)蜂人從蜂箱里收集蜂蜜。他拿出裝滿蜂蜜的蜂巢,并穿著特殊的衣服以便不被蜜蜂蜇到。閱讀所給標(biāo)題可知,D項(xiàng)“如何收集蜂蜜”能與本段大意匹配,而F項(xiàng)“穿特殊衣服”顯然不能全面總結(jié)本段內(nèi)容。故選D而排除F。
55. C。本段大意:蜂蜜可用來做許多不同的食物,在面包上放一點(diǎn)蜂蜜會(huì)使其非常可口。閱讀所給標(biāo)題可知,C項(xiàng)“準(zhǔn)備吃蜂蜜”能與本段大意匹配。故選C。
二、恢復(fù)原文型
這種題型包括兩部分:主干部分和選項(xiàng)部分。主干部分是一篇總長(zhǎng)度為200至300詞的文章,其中有5處空白,空白的位置可能在段首、段落中間、段末,但不會(huì)是文章的第一句,一般情況下也不會(huì)是最后一句。選項(xiàng)部分包括5至7段文字,每段可能是一個(gè)句子,或者兩三個(gè)短句,也可能是完整的段落。題目通常要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容從這5或7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能分別放進(jìn)文章中5個(gè)空白處的選項(xiàng)。
該題型要求同學(xué)們從整體上把握文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu),理解句子之間、段落之間的關(guān)系,對(duì)諸如連貫性、一致性等語(yǔ)段特征有較強(qiáng)的意識(shí)并能夠熟練地把握,同時(shí)要具備運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)分析、理解長(zhǎng)難句的能力。
技巧點(diǎn)撥
(1)先快速閱讀全文,力求對(duì)文章內(nèi)容有大致了解,然后瀏覽所給選項(xiàng)。閱讀時(shí)注意首段和要點(diǎn)詞句,通過文章的首段和要點(diǎn)詞句判斷文章的大概意思。
(2)重點(diǎn)閱讀各個(gè)空白處附近的句子,分析選項(xiàng)與前后內(nèi)容的邏輯關(guān)系,然后再圈定關(guān)鍵的線索詞(包括名詞、動(dòng)詞、連詞、代詞等),最后從選項(xiàng)中尋找在內(nèi)容和詞語(yǔ)上都銜接合理的選項(xiàng),確定答案。
(3)對(duì)于一些拿不準(zhǔn)或者做不出的題目可先放過,繼續(xù)往下讀。先做容易的并且非常確定的題目,以免浪費(fèi)過多的時(shí)間,也可以避免因做錯(cuò)一道題而導(dǎo)致更多的錯(cuò)誤。
(4)最后將所選句子放到文章中,通讀全文,檢查答案是否與文章主題一致,從而判斷所選答案的正確性。檢查過程非常重要,切不可忽視。
中考實(shí)例
(2015年河南卷)Why is setting goals (目標(biāo)) important? Because goals can help you do and experience everything you want in life. Instead of just letting life happen to you, goals allow you to make your life happen.
Successful people in life imagine how their life should be and set lots of goals. 61 Its like having a sign to show you where you want to go. Think of it this way. There are two drivers. One has a place to go to clearly in mind which can be found on a map. He can drive straight there surely without any wasted time. The other driver has no goal, or a map. 62 But he drives aimlessly (漫無(wú)目的地) around, never getting anywhere, just using up oil. Which driver do you want to be?
63 They decide what they want in life and then get there by setting goals and making plans. Unsuccessful people usually just let life happen by accident. Goals arent difficult to set and they arent difficult to reach. 64 You are the one who must decide what to achieve and in what direction to aim your life.
Research tells us that when we write a goal down we are more likely to achieve it. 65 They are harder to forget. Also when you write your goals in your own way, you are able to make yourself realize situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.
根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容,從下面五個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入文中空缺處的最佳選項(xiàng), 使短文意思通順、內(nèi)容完整。
A. Written goals can be reviewed usually.
B. He starts off at the same time from the same place.
C. Its up to you to find out what your goals really are.
D. By setting goals you are taking control of your life.
E. Winners in life set goals and follow through on them.
【參考答案】
61. D。根據(jù)下句“它就像一個(gè)標(biāo)志,指示你要去哪里”分析:既然目標(biāo)能讓你有了前行的方向,那么設(shè)立了目標(biāo),你也就能掌控自己了。在備選項(xiàng)中,只有D符合語(yǔ)境。
62. B。上文是將“有明確目標(biāo)的司機(jī)”與“沒有目標(biāo)的司機(jī)”相比較。由此分析:既然是比較他們的不同,那么兩位司機(jī)應(yīng)在同一地點(diǎn)、同一時(shí)間出發(fā),才能突出有目標(biāo)的人更能掌控自己。故選B。
63. E。比照下文第三句“不成功人士”的信息可知,本句應(yīng)談?wù)摰氖浅晒θ耸磕軌蛟O(shè)定生活目標(biāo)并制定計(jì)劃去實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)目標(biāo)。在備選項(xiàng)中,只有E符合語(yǔ)境。
64. C。根據(jù)下句“You are the one who must decide what to achieve and in what direction to aim your life.”可推知,你要找到真正的目標(biāo)還得靠自己。在備選項(xiàng)中,只有C符合題意。
65. A。根據(jù)上句“寫下目標(biāo)更容易實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)”及下句“他們很難忘記”可推知,本句應(yīng)談到“寫下目標(biāo)”。在備選項(xiàng)中,只有A談到“寫目標(biāo)”。故選A。
三、閱讀填表型
這類閱讀題目中有一個(gè)圖表或一個(gè)表格,將其中一些信息內(nèi)容留出空格,要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章填空。所填的內(nèi)容一般分如下幾類:(1)時(shí)間、事件及人物;(2)數(shù)字及排位;(3)物體的構(gòu)成及功能;(4)流程圖;(5)抽象名詞。
技巧點(diǎn)撥
(1)準(zhǔn)確查找法。
表格中有些題目在短文中有明確的答案,這就需要我們將原文中與題目意思相同或相近的句子找出來,加以對(duì)照,從而填上所缺的信息。
(2)語(yǔ)法轉(zhuǎn)換法。
許多同學(xué)抱怨,雖在閱讀材料中找到相關(guān)的句子,但表格中填上的答案是錯(cuò)誤的。這是因?yàn)橛行╊}目設(shè)計(jì)的語(yǔ)境發(fā)生變化而導(dǎo)致語(yǔ)法上必須做相應(yīng)的改變,即在人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、基數(shù)詞與序數(shù)詞等方面進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。
(3)數(shù)據(jù)推算法。
此類題目要求我們就文章提供的數(shù)據(jù),以及數(shù)據(jù)與文章中其他信息的關(guān)系進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的計(jì)算和推斷。在做此類題目時(shí)應(yīng)注意:要抓住并正確理解與數(shù)據(jù)有關(guān)的信息含義;弄清眾多信息中哪些是有用信息,哪些是干擾信息;不要孤立看待數(shù)字信息,而是要抓住一些關(guān)鍵用語(yǔ)的含義。
(4)歸納總結(jié)法。
有些題目在文章中難以找到答案,需要學(xué)生查找分析相關(guān)信息并將其進(jìn)行對(duì)比、歸納、總結(jié)后再進(jìn)行填詞。做此類題目必須具備一定的語(yǔ)言歸納能力。
注意:
◇注意題目要求中是否有詞數(shù)限制。
◇絕大部分的答案是原文原詞,而且是原文中連續(xù)出現(xiàn)的幾個(gè)詞。
◇要注意順序性,即題目的順序和原文的順序基本一致。
◇題目設(shè)置比較簡(jiǎn)單,注意快速答題。
中考實(shí)例
(2015年麗水卷)閱讀下面的短文,在思維導(dǎo)圖中填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容完成閱讀摘記。
Did you have any interesting dreams last night? Do you know everyone dreams? But not everyone remembers their dreams. A person can usually have up to seven dreams a night, and each dream usually lasts from 10 to 40 minutes.
Why do we dream? Scientists believe that we dream to remember because dreams come from our memories and they tell us a lot about ourselves. They also help us learn from the past and even help us solve problems.
Different dreams mean differently to people. For example, if you dream about flying, you are probably quite happy. This is a good time in your life. You may feel that other people see you as a leader. And when you dream that you didnt study for a test, it usually means you are worried about an important thing coming in your life.
【參考答案】
46. remember。根據(jù)第一段第二句和第三句“Do you know everyone dreams? But not everyone remembers their dreams.”可知,每個(gè)人都會(huì)做夢(mèng),但是并不是每個(gè)人都能記住他們做過的夢(mèng)。動(dòng)詞remember意為“記住,想起來”。
47. seven / 7。根據(jù)第一段第四句“A person can usually have up to seven dreams a night ...”可知,一個(gè)人一晚上通常最多能做七個(gè)夢(mèng)。
48. why / we / reason(s) of。通讀原文第二段可知,我們做過的夢(mèng)都是來自于我們白天的記憶。由此可判斷,回憶起過去以及幫助我們解決問題都是我們做夢(mèng)的原因。故答案應(yīng)該為:why 或 (the) reasons of (dream)。填we (dream) 也能說得過去。
49. dreams。聯(lián)系原文最后一段可知,“夢(mèng)到飛翔”以及“沒有為考試而刻苦學(xué)習(xí)”這兩個(gè)夢(mèng)境都是做過的夢(mèng)的具體例子,然后下文對(duì)這兩個(gè)夢(mèng)境的寓意進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要分析。故答案為dreams。
50. happy。根據(jù)最后一段第二句“... if you dream about flying, you are probably quite happy.”可知,如果你夢(mèng)到飛翔,你可能心情非常好。
四、按要求答題型
按要求答題是英語(yǔ)任務(wù)型閱讀的綜合形式,其設(shè)題形式是把各種任務(wù)形式組合搭配,是對(duì)閱讀信息的二次加工的過程。此類題目通常要求學(xué)生歸納概括文中要點(diǎn),整合零散信息,使之條理化、明朗化、簡(jiǎn)單化和形象化。
近年來,這種題型設(shè)計(jì)包含以下幾種形式:回答問題;翻譯句子;句型轉(zhuǎn)換;詞義猜測(cè);擬訂標(biāo)題;填寫句子等。這種閱讀題型主要考查下列三個(gè)方面的能力:
①捕捉信息能力(屬基礎(chǔ)題);
②組織信息能力(屬活用題);
③綜合概括信息能力(屬概括題)。
技巧點(diǎn)撥
(1)明確任務(wù)。
由于題目要求形式多樣,在同一篇閱讀材料中會(huì)要求完成不同的任務(wù),因此同學(xué)們?cè)诮忸}前要先明確任務(wù),做到心中有數(shù)。
(2)對(duì)應(yīng)、緊扣原文。
在原文中找出與題干相對(duì)應(yīng)的信息,這樣就可以快速準(zhǔn)確地抓住有效信息,確保答題的準(zhǔn)確性。
(3)注意讀寫結(jié)合。
任務(wù)型閱讀不僅考查學(xué)生閱讀理解層面的能力,更加注重考查學(xué)生“寫”的能力。若是寫單詞,則要注意拼寫的正確性,如詞形、詞性有無(wú)變化,字母是否需要大寫等;若要完成短語(yǔ)或句子成分,則需謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待,我們應(yīng)依據(jù)所給題干分析要完成的是什么句子成分,需用什么樣的表達(dá)方式,切不可直接引用文中信息。
(4)認(rèn)真檢查。
完成任務(wù)后要重新審視材料,檢查所填的答案是否符合要求,同時(shí)語(yǔ)言要精練、準(zhǔn)確。
要特別注意以下問題:
◇詞義猜測(cè)
根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義,利用表示下定義的句子、重述法猜測(cè)詞義,利用反義詞、近義詞線索猜測(cè)詞義,利用上下文猜測(cè)生詞,還可根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、常識(shí)判斷生詞意思以及詞與詞之間的相互聯(lián)系、信息之間的相關(guān)性、事物發(fā)展的必然邏輯聯(lián)系等。另外,還可利用例句猜測(cè)詞義。
◇擬訂標(biāo)題
擬訂文章標(biāo)題要考慮標(biāo)題對(duì)文章的概括性或覆蓋面,標(biāo)題也要具備針對(duì)性、醒目性。一般說來,擬定標(biāo)題是以話題為核心,用簡(jiǎn)練的關(guān)鍵詞組成短語(yǔ)或短句。
◇句型轉(zhuǎn)換
句型轉(zhuǎn)換題以考查學(xué)生對(duì)復(fù)合句的掌握程度為主,重點(diǎn)考查一些典型句子結(jié)構(gòu),如狀語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)以及一個(gè)比較普通的簡(jiǎn)單句(但會(huì)涉及動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài))等。答題時(shí)需注意名詞單復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)、形容詞或副詞的比較等級(jí)等方面的書寫規(guī)范。
中考實(shí)例
(2015年青島卷)閱讀下面短文,按要求完成各項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
Where is the true home of the hamburger?
The kind of beef we see in hamburgers, minced (切碎的) beef, was possibly invented by Mongolians over 800 years ago. But who first put the beef in between pieces of bread and called it a hamburger? Three different cities in the United States all say that they were the first to invent Americas favorite food.
Some people say that Fletcher Davis, from Athens, invented hamburgers. “Old Dave”, as people called him, was selling minced beef sandwiches in his lunch bar as early as the 1880s. Some years later, they say that a group of Germans called ①his sandwich a “hamburger” because people from the German city of Hamburg ate this kind of beef.
Other people believe that the hamburger came from a different American city. ②Coincidentally, its name was also Hamburg. The Menches brothers were selling pork sandwiches at a fair in 1885, but when there was no more pork, they used minced beef and gave it a new name, the “hamburger”.
The third possible inventor of the hamburger was Charlie Nagreen, also known as “Hamburger Charlie”, from Seymour. He said that in 1885 he invented the worlds first hamburgers. Seymour now celebrates the invention of the hamburger every year. In 1989, it was the home of the worlds largest ever burger—over 2,500 kg!
任務(wù)一 請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,完成句子。每空一詞。
1. There are three American cities in this passage. They are Athens, ______ and ______.
2. When there was no more ______ at the 1885 fair, the Menches brothers used minced beef ______.
任務(wù)二 請(qǐng)根椐短文內(nèi)容,用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)①處畫線單詞his所指代的內(nèi)容。______
任務(wù)三 請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,猜測(cè)畫線單詞Coincidentally的中文意思。將其字母代號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。______
A. 幸運(yùn)地 B. 碰巧地 C. 相反地
任務(wù)四 請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,回答問題。
How often is the invention of the hamburger celebrated in Seymour?
________________________________.
任務(wù)五 請(qǐng)從文中找出與“Mongolians possibly invented minced beef a longtime ago.”意思相近的句子。
________________________________.
任務(wù)六 請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)要概括出本文的主旨大意,不超過10個(gè)詞。
Its mainly about _____________________ _________________________________.
【參考答案】
任務(wù)一:1. Hamburg;Seymour。題干意為:這篇短文提到三個(gè)城市,他們分別是Athens, ______ 和______。由第三段開頭“Other people believe that the hamburger came from a different American city. ②Coincidentally, its name was also Hamburg.”可知,第二個(gè)城市的名稱是Hamburg;由第四段開頭“The third possible inventor of the hamburger was Charlie Nagreen, also known as ‘Hamburger Charlie, from Seymour.”可知,第三個(gè)城市是Seymour。
2. pork; instead。題干意為:在1885年,當(dāng)沒有更多的豬肉時(shí),曼徹斯兄弟只有用切碎的牛肉代替。由第三段末句“... but when there was no more pork, they used minced beef and gave it a new name, the ‘hamburger’.”可知答案。
任務(wù)二:Fletcher Davis (s) / Old Daves / Daviss / Fletchers。由第二段開頭“Some people say that Fletcher Davis, from Athens, invented hamburgers. ‘Old Dave’, as people called him ...”可知,此人叫Fletcher Davis,被人們稱為Old Dave。
任務(wù)三:B。猜測(cè)詞義題。由下文可知,這一城市也叫Hamburg,和hamburger差不多,是一種巧合。因此選B。
任務(wù)四:Every year / Once a year。題干意為:在Seymour,漢堡的發(fā)明多久要被慶祝一次?由最后一段“Seymour now celebrates the invention of the hamburger every year.”一句可知,每年要慶祝一次。故填Every year / Once a year。
任務(wù)五:The kind of beef we see in hamburgers, minced beef, was possibly invented by Mongolians over 800 years ago。本句意為“蒙古人可能在很久之前就發(fā)明了碎牛肉(漢堡)”。本句與文章開頭第一句意思相近。
任務(wù)六:the (true) home of hamburgers / who invented hamburgers / the invention of the hamburger / who is the real inventor of the hamburger / who was the possible inventor of the hamburger。本文主要介紹漢堡的發(fā)源地。
五、完成句子型
這類題目的設(shè)題形式為:每個(gè)題目都是一個(gè)陳述句,但留有一個(gè)或兩個(gè)空格,要求根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。目前考試中,大部分的題目要求中沒有詞數(shù)限制,只有一小部分題目有詞數(shù)限制。解答這類試題一定要嚴(yán)格按照題目要求,需要注意的是:答案的單詞數(shù)量一般不會(huì)超過四個(gè)。這類題目的解題方法和短問答類似,但比短問答要難。難點(diǎn)在于題目中的關(guān)鍵詞和原文中的相關(guān)內(nèi)容對(duì)應(yīng)并不明顯。
技巧點(diǎn)撥
完成句子主要考查學(xué)生兩個(gè)方面的能力:一是閱讀能力;二是掌握語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力。解題時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
(1)找出題目中的關(guān)鍵詞,最好先定位到原文中的某一個(gè)段落。
將題目中的關(guān)鍵詞與原文各段落的小標(biāo)題或每段話的第一句相對(duì)照。有些題目能先定位到原文中的一個(gè)段落,這必然加快解題速度,并提高準(zhǔn)確率。但并非每個(gè)題目都能準(zhǔn)確定位。
(2)快速閱讀該段落,根據(jù)題目中的其他關(guān)鍵詞確定正確答案。
將答案定位在一個(gè)段落后,答案在該段落中的具體位置是未知的。所以,需要從頭到尾仔細(xì)閱讀該段落,找出題目中的關(guān)鍵詞的對(duì)應(yīng)詞。仔細(xì)閱讀對(duì)應(yīng)詞所在的句子,確定正確答案。
(3)要注意順序性,即題目的順序和原文的順序基本一致。
這類題目的設(shè)題有順序性。第二題的答案應(yīng)在第一題的答案之后。這個(gè)規(guī)律也有助于確定答案的位置。
(4)所填答案必須語(yǔ)法正確。
因?yàn)槭翘羁眨运畲鸢副仨毞险Z(yǔ)法規(guī)則。
(5)所填答案必須在意義上與原文相符。
有些答案在文章中有對(duì)應(yīng)詞,而有些答案來自原文原詞,而且是原文中連續(xù)的幾個(gè)詞。
(6)答案詞數(shù)不宜很多,絕大部分是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或句子。
所填答案絕大部分是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)對(duì)應(yīng)原文相應(yīng)句子的賓語(yǔ)。也有一些題目的答案是名詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞短語(yǔ)、副詞短語(yǔ)或句子。
中考實(shí)例
(2015年天津卷)閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容完成句子。
Do some colors make you feel calm while others give you energy? Scientists have studied the connection between color and mood (心情) for a long time. Many believe that color can influence our moods.
Warm, bright colors such as yellow and red are positive colors. They can give people a pleasant feeling. Cool colors such as blue, purple, and green are relaxing colors. They help people experience calm feelings.
Many public places are decorated (裝飾) with certain colors in order to create certain moods. Orange makes people feel hungry, and many restaurants are painted in this color.
People use color in their homes to create moods as well. Blue is a peaceful color. It helps you rest, so it is a very good color for a bedroom.
Colors can create bad moods, too. Some types of blue make people feel sad. Red can make people feel angry.
What is your mood right now? Now look at the color of the walls round you. Does it match your mood?
76. Cool colors are relaxing colors and they help people experience ______.
77. Orange makes people ______, and many restaurants are painted this color.
78. People use color in their homes to ______ as well.
79. Some types of ______ make people feel sad.
80. This passage mainly tells us how color ______.
【參考答案】
76. calm feelings。根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句話可以得出此答案。
77. feel hungry。根據(jù)第三段的第二句可以得出此答案。
78. create moods。根據(jù)第四段中的“People use color in their homes to create moods as well.”可以得出此答案。
79. blue。根據(jù)第五段中的“Some types of blue make people feel sad.”可以得出此答案。
80. influences our moods / can influence our moods。根據(jù)第一段最后一句可以得出此答案。
六、翻譯句子型
將短文中畫線句子譯成漢語(yǔ)或英語(yǔ)的題目,主要考查學(xué)生準(zhǔn)確理解概念或結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜的英語(yǔ)材料的能力。該類題目要求學(xué)生閱讀一篇約200詞的文章,并將其中五個(gè)畫線部分譯成漢語(yǔ)或者英語(yǔ),要求譯文準(zhǔn)確、完整、通順。此類閱讀題主要考查學(xué)生的詞匯量、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、閱讀能力和語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的綜合運(yùn)用能力,尤其注重考查學(xué)生通過上下文理解詞和短語(yǔ)含義的能力。
技巧點(diǎn)撥
(1)略讀全文,從整體上把握整篇文章的內(nèi)容,并理解畫線部分與文章其他部分之間的語(yǔ)法及邏輯關(guān)系。
(2)理解畫線句子的意義,不僅要弄清句子表面的意義,還要理解其在特定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境中的意義。也要特別注意句子中的代詞和所指代的意義。另外,還要注意句子中包含的短語(yǔ)和固定結(jié)構(gòu),因?yàn)檫@往往也是考點(diǎn)。
(3)綜合運(yùn)用各種翻譯方法將文中的原意忠實(shí)地表達(dá)出來。這一點(diǎn)對(duì)語(yǔ)言功底的要求比較高,同學(xué)們?cè)诰?a href='http://www.chuntang.com.cn/health/ticao/' target='_blank'>體操作過程中要注意英漢兩種語(yǔ)言的差異,對(duì)于簡(jiǎn)單一些的句子能直譯就直譯,而對(duì)于一些難度較大的句子,我們盡量采用直譯和意譯相結(jié)合的方法。總之,應(yīng)當(dāng)盡量使譯文得體。
(4)檢查核對(duì)三個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:一是檢查譯文是否忠實(shí)于原文,通過把譯文和原文對(duì)照比較往往能發(fā)現(xiàn)問題;二是檢查譯文本身是否通順或表達(dá)清楚;三是檢查譯文是否有筆誤,是否有漏譯詞,是否有代詞未轉(zhuǎn)譯,時(shí)態(tài)是否未譯出,數(shù)字、日期是否譯錯(cuò),標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是否用錯(cuò)等。
中考實(shí)例
(2015年株洲卷)閱讀下面的短文,然后將畫線部分的句子翻譯成漢語(yǔ)或英語(yǔ)。
You may know a lot about smart phones. But what about smart cities?
Imagine living your life like this: When you wake up in the morning, you say “open the window” to a computer and it opens the window. (66) 陽(yáng)光照耀,鳥兒歌唱。Then you finish breakfast and sit in front of your desk and begin to have classes through the Internet. (67) With the help of building a smart city, this may become true one day.
A smart city uses digital technologies (數(shù)字科技) such as the Internet to improve city planning, save resources and make our lives easier. For example, people live in smart cities, where there is Internet almost everywhere. (68) They can do many things at home such as booking train tickets and paying water bills. What a beautiful life it is!
(69) Now China is making some cities smarter. For example, Guiyang is going to build free Wi-Fi in the whole city. Tianjin plans to start a smart city program to help traffic problems. (70) 株洲正在創(chuàng)建智慧城市,因此每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該為創(chuàng)建智慧城市發(fā)揮作用。
【參考答案】
66. The sunshine is shining and the birds are singing.
67. 將來某一天,這將隨著智慧城市的建設(shè)而變成現(xiàn)實(shí)。
68. 他們能夠在家做很多事情,如訂火車票和交水費(fèi)等。
69. 現(xiàn)在,中國(guó)正使一些城市智能化。
70. Zhuzhou is creating a smart city, so everyone should play a role in creating a smart city.
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