高一英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)匯總，高一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)有方法
高一英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)匯總，高一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)有方法
定語(yǔ)從句作為英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中屬于中較難理解與掌握的部分，也正是由于其復(fù)雜程度較高、邏輯性較強(qiáng)、理解難度很大，屢屢讓童鞋們?cè)诳荚囍衼G分?jǐn)?shù)、失信心、喪斗志!接下來(lái)小編為大家整理了高一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容，一起來(lái)看看吧!
高一英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)匯總
概念
定語(yǔ)可以由形容詞、名詞、代詞、分詞、不定式以及介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，也可以由一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)，充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)功能的句子稱為定語(yǔ)從句。
定語(yǔ)從句“三要素”
1.先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞
?、僦溉说南刃性~
②指物的先行詞
★ 先行詞還可以是前面整個(gè)句子所敘述的事情。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us. (which替代前面所敘述的事情) 先行詞
2.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)的詞
(1)關(guān)系詞的作用
?、偬娲懊娴南刃性~(替代作用)
②連接主句和定語(yǔ)從句(連接作用)
?、墼诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中作句子成分(成分作用)
(2)關(guān)系詞的分類
①標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：根據(jù)關(guān)系詞在從句中做的句子成分種類
?、陉P(guān)系代詞：在從句中做 主，賓，表，定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)
?、坳P(guān)系副詞：在從句中作狀語(yǔ)(When/where/why)
3.定語(yǔ)從句：用來(lái)做定語(yǔ)，修飾限定先行詞的句子
定語(yǔ)從句的分類
1.限制性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞起限定修飾作用。
He is a teacher who works at our school.
2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用(先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句之間有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi))
Beijing, which is the capital of China, is a beautiful city with a long history.
比較：
He has two sons, who work in the same company.
(He has only two sons.)
He has two sons who work in the same company.
(Perhaps he has two more sons)
定語(yǔ)從句的10個(gè)難點(diǎn)
1.關(guān)系代詞的省略(限定性定語(yǔ)從句)
(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)
She is the girl (whom / that) I loved before. (可以省略whom/that)
(2)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)
He is no longer the boy (that) he used to be. (可以省略that)
(3)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，介詞在從句句尾時(shí)可以省略
Housing price is a problem (that/which) people are interested in.
比較：
Housing price is a problem in which people are interested.(此時(shí)只能用which且不能省略)
2.先行詞是人(that/who的區(qū)別)
(1)用that的情況
①以疑問(wèn)詞who開(kāi)頭的句子中
Who is the man that is shouting there?
?、陉P(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)
She is not the girl that she used to be.
?、巯刃性~被the very, the right, the only修飾
This is the very person that we are looking for.
(2)用who的情況
?、傧刃性~是one, ones, anybody, all, none, those 等
Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school.
?、诰渥又杏袃蓚€(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)用了that,另外一個(gè)用who
Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
?、墼趖here be 結(jié)構(gòu)中
There are many young men who are against him.
④在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句當(dāng)中
Tom, who is my best friend, has gone abroad to study.
3.先行詞是物(that / which的區(qū)別)
(1)用which的情況
?、僭诜窍薅ㄐ远ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中
She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.
②關(guān)系詞置于介詞之后，作賓語(yǔ)
The pen with which you write is Jack’s.
?、巯刃性~是that或定語(yǔ)從句中套定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)關(guān)系詞用that,另一個(gè)用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which is newly open to us.
(2)用that的情況
①先行詞是不定代詞如all, little, few, much,anything, everything, nothing, none, no one等
She did all that she could to help us.
?、谙刃性~被all, every, no, some, little, much, the only, he very, the right，the last等所修飾時(shí)
This is the very book that I want.
?、巯刃性~中既有人又有物時(shí)
She described in her compositions the people and he places that impressed her most.
④先行詞前有序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)
This is the best book that I have ever read.
This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.
?、荻ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中套定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞以用which, 另外一個(gè)用that
He built a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
?、蕻?dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞which,另一個(gè)用that
Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
4.As引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句用法
(1)As 既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句也可以用于非限定性定句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等。
常用于以下句型當(dāng)中：Such/so….. as…. 像…..一樣 the same …. as… 和…...同樣的
A computer is so useful a machine as we can use everyday.
He is not the same man as he was.
(2)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)譯為“正如，像”等。 可以放在句首，句中或句末。
As I remember, there were a net bar here.
Taiwan is an inseparable part of China, as is known to all.
★the same as...和the same that...引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
This is the same bike that I lost yesterday. (同一事物)
This is the same bike as I lost yesterday. (同類事物)
5.關(guān)系副詞的運(yùn)用
(1)When 在定語(yǔ)從句中做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，先行詞為表示時(shí)間的time, day等
I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. (when=on which)
(2)Where 在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，先行詞為表地點(diǎn)的place, spot等
Can you tell me the office where he works?
(where = in which)
(3)Why 在定語(yǔ)從句中做原因狀語(yǔ)，先行詞只有reason.
I don’t want to listen to any reason why you were absent.
(why = for which)
★ 關(guān)系副詞 = 相應(yīng)的介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞
★ Where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句還可以修飾抽象空間的名詞如case(情形)，situation, position(位置),stage (階段)，point(地步)等
What are the situations where body language is the only form of communication?
在哪些情況下身體語(yǔ)言是唯一的溝通方式。(此時(shí)where = in which)
6.幾個(gè)特殊的先行詞
(1)way在定語(yǔ)從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的三種引導(dǎo)方式 that / in which / 不填
The way in which / that / 不填 he explains the sentence to us is quite simple.
比較：The way which /that/不填 he told to us was quite simple.
★way在定語(yǔ)中作tell的賓語(yǔ)
(2)先行詞time
time表示“次數(shù)”時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
This is the first time that the president has visited the country.
time作“一段時(shí)間” 講時(shí)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when
This was the time when there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets
★此時(shí)when = during which 在..期間
(3)先行詞reason當(dāng)在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的4種引導(dǎo)方式 why/for which/that/不填
This is the reason why/for which/that/不填 he can not come here.
比較：Is this the reason that/which/不填he explained to us for his absence from the conference.
★reason 在定語(yǔ)從句中做explain的賓語(yǔ)
7.介詞+關(guān)系代詞
★該結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系代詞只有兩種即 介詞+which(指物) 介詞+whom(指人)
★該結(jié)構(gòu)介詞的選用原則：
(1)根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的習(xí)慣搭配
This is the book on which I spent $ 8.
This is the book for which I paid $ 8.
(2)根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣
I remember the days during which I lived there.
I remember the day on which I graduated from university.
(3)根據(jù)整個(gè)句子所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)決定
The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.
(4)英語(yǔ)中為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某一名詞，不定式前面也可以加上關(guān)系代詞。
Here is the money with which to buy the piano.
She is the right person on whom to depend
注意：
?、偃绻樵~后移，關(guān)系代詞可以省略
The person (whom/who/that) you will write to is Todd.
②有些含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)介詞不能提前如look for/after; take care of; send for; hear from/of/about deal with等
This is the baby that you will look after.
8.定語(yǔ)從句的主謂一致
(1)當(dāng)先行詞是 one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞，定語(yǔ)從句的位于動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitor every year.
(2)當(dāng)先行詞是 the only + one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞，從句謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
(3)先行詞如果是整個(gè)句子，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)
Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.
9.定語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化
定語(yǔ)從句可以轉(zhuǎn)換為 –ing或-ed形式
The girl (who is) dancing now just returned from Taiwan.
I love the stories (which were) written by Hemingway.
The man (who stands) standing there is my friend.
10. 定語(yǔ)從句的解題方法
(1)判斷從句是否為定語(yǔ)從句 (先行詞，關(guān)系詞，定語(yǔ)從句)
(2)準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、賓、表、定、狀)從而正確選定使用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞
注意：
?、訇P(guān)系代詞whose的用法。Whose在定語(yǔ)從句中做定語(yǔ)。
當(dāng)先行詞是人： whose = the + 名詞 + of whom
當(dāng)先行詞是物：whose = the + 名詞 + of which
Do you know the boy whose parents / the parents of whom are on holiday?
I’d like a room whose window / the window of which faces the sea.
?、赥hat引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，名詞性從句 和 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別:
定語(yǔ)從句中的that: 關(guān)系代詞，在后面的定語(yǔ)從句中做句子成分。
名詞性從句中的that：從屬連詞，只起連接主從句的作用，在從句中不做句子成分。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的that, 運(yùn)用于it is/was…that..結(jié)構(gòu);判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)，成分仍然完整。
比較：
This is the book that I am looking for.
(that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)
It is at Bashu middle school that I have studied for three years.
(that和前面的it is構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)
The fact that he stole the money surprised all of us.
(that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句--同位語(yǔ)從句)
That he will come to the conference has excited all of us.
(that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句--主語(yǔ)從句)
We all expect that they win, for members of their team are stronger.
(that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句--賓語(yǔ)從句)
The reason for your failure is that you lack confidence in yourself.
(that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句--表語(yǔ)從句)
高一英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)有方法
1注意學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力的培養(yǎng)
學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)力的培養(yǎng)包括學(xué)習(xí)需要、動(dòng)機(jī)、興趣、效力和情感等非智力因素的開(kāi)發(fā)。
隨著中國(guó)加入WTO，大部分學(xué)生已意識(shí)到英語(yǔ)的重要性，認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很有必要，學(xué)生有這樣的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī)，教師應(yīng)正確引導(dǎo)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生克服困難的信心和毅力，充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的主觀能動(dòng)性。而且，高一大部分學(xué)生喜歡英語(yǔ)，認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)非常有趣。興趣是最好的老師，教師應(yīng)充分利用這一優(yōu)勢(shì)，開(kāi)展形式多樣的教學(xué)活動(dòng)，如英語(yǔ)角、英語(yǔ)演講比賽、英語(yǔ)詩(shī)歌朗誦會(huì)、英語(yǔ)歌曲等，使學(xué)生的興趣得以長(zhǎng)期保持，從而主動(dòng)、積極地學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)、學(xué)好英語(yǔ)。
2注重對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)方法的指導(dǎo)
學(xué)習(xí)方法的指導(dǎo)包括引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握預(yù)習(xí)、聽(tīng)課、課堂筆記、課堂小結(jié)、完成作業(yè)、復(fù)習(xí)、參看課外資料等正確的學(xué)習(xí)方法。
1)預(yù)習(xí)
預(yù)習(xí)是學(xué)習(xí)方法的問(wèn)題，也是學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣的問(wèn)題。課前預(yù)習(xí)是聽(tīng)好課的基礎(chǔ)，也是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)能力的有效方法之一。高一大部分學(xué)生沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成自覺(jué)預(yù)習(xí)習(xí)慣。有的學(xué)生是老師要求預(yù)習(xí)就預(yù)習(xí)和想起來(lái)就預(yù)習(xí)，而且預(yù)習(xí)的方法大都是把新課內(nèi)容看一遍，而通過(guò)預(yù)習(xí)找出重點(diǎn)和疑難點(diǎn)的學(xué)生卻比較少。預(yù)習(xí)時(shí)優(yōu)等生經(jīng)常采取找問(wèn)題的方法。中等生和學(xué)習(xí)困難生基本上采用把新課內(nèi)容看一遍的預(yù)習(xí)方法，而且只停留于完成老師布置的任務(wù)，學(xué)習(xí)主動(dòng)性較差。還有的學(xué)生根本不預(yù)習(xí)，可見(jiàn)，預(yù)習(xí)是高一學(xué)生英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中相當(dāng)薄弱的環(huán)節(jié)。因此，要逐漸培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自主預(yù)習(xí)的良好習(xí)慣。預(yù)習(xí)的內(nèi)容很多，如：運(yùn)用拼讀規(guī)則和音標(biāo)學(xué)習(xí)生詞;預(yù)習(xí)新課內(nèi)容，了解大意，回答有關(guān)問(wèn)題;找出難點(diǎn)并做上標(biāo)記;聽(tīng)錄音、模仿跟讀等。
2)聽(tīng)課
聽(tīng)課是學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中最重要的環(huán)節(jié)，聽(tīng)課效率高的學(xué)生往往能夠在課堂上掌握老師講授的大部分內(nèi)容。學(xué)生聽(tīng)課要主動(dòng)、積極，跟上老師的思維，堅(jiān)持做到：緊跟各個(gè)教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，如復(fù)習(xí)、引入、呈現(xiàn)、練習(xí)、和鞏固;要集中精力，聽(tīng)懂老師的講解;積極參與課堂教學(xué)活動(dòng)，如回答問(wèn)題、參與對(duì)話、角色表演、復(fù)述等。
3)課堂筆記
做課堂筆記是掌握知識(shí)過(guò)程中的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié)，但大部分高一學(xué)生卻不會(huì)做課堂筆記。做課堂筆記一定要有取舍，切忌抄板書(shū)，應(yīng)在聽(tīng)懂老師講解的基礎(chǔ)上，擇其重點(diǎn)邊聽(tīng)邊記，努力提高聽(tīng)課效率，力爭(zhēng)在課堂上解決知識(shí)問(wèn)題。
4)課堂小結(jié)
課堂小結(jié)有助于回顧和整理課堂所學(xué)的重要內(nèi)容。進(jìn)行課堂小結(jié)時(shí)，老師常采用自我小結(jié)、做練習(xí)、聽(tīng)老師小結(jié)和重溫課本等多種方式。在進(jìn)行課堂小結(jié)時(shí)，應(yīng)積極加入老師組織的各種活動(dòng)中，充分發(fā)揮自己的自主性。進(jìn)一步與老師和同學(xué)分析討論，以深化對(duì)問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)，在互動(dòng)、探究式的學(xué)習(xí)氛圍梳理好每一節(jié)課的內(nèi)容。
5)作業(yè)
課外作業(yè)是鞏固、應(yīng)用知識(shí)和提高能力的一種手段，也是課堂教學(xué)的必要補(bǔ)充，必須獨(dú)立完成，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生一定要認(rèn)真對(duì)待作業(yè)，態(tài)度端正，方法正確，一般學(xué)生采用先做再看書(shū)，很少采用先看書(shū)再做的方式，而且，有一部分學(xué)生仍有抄別人作業(yè)的行為，這說(shuō)明這些學(xué)生還沒(méi)有形成基本的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。從教學(xué)的連貫性來(lái)看，一般應(yīng)在完成作業(yè)前先看書(shū)，待比較清晰地掌握了所學(xué)的知識(shí)后，再通過(guò)完成作業(yè)來(lái)自檢學(xué)習(xí)情況，強(qiáng)化對(duì)有關(guān)內(nèi)容的記憶。英語(yǔ)作業(yè)分為口頭作業(yè)和筆頭作業(yè)，對(duì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)說(shuō)，朗讀、記憶、背誦等口頭作業(yè)十分重要。
6)復(fù)習(xí)
復(fù)習(xí)是加深對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)系統(tǒng)理解和鞏固的過(guò)程，是提高語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用能力的重要環(huán)節(jié)。復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)根據(jù)自己的知識(shí)、缺漏和學(xué)習(xí)特點(diǎn)選擇合適的方法，作到事半功倍的效果。復(fù)習(xí)分為常規(guī)復(fù)習(xí)和考前復(fù)習(xí)。要讓學(xué)生堅(jiān)持常規(guī)復(fù)習(xí)，每天抽出一定的時(shí)間，對(duì)當(dāng)天所學(xué)的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行及時(shí)的消化與鞏固，如有不懂的，應(yīng)及時(shí)地請(qǐng)教同學(xué)和老師，絕不能不懂裝懂，此外還應(yīng)注意收集錯(cuò)題，尤其是帶有知識(shí)性錯(cuò)誤的題目，定期再做，自己做好查漏補(bǔ)缺;考前復(fù)習(xí)一定要有針對(duì)性，采取針對(duì)自己知識(shí)缺漏的情況，在老師的指導(dǎo)下自我選題進(jìn)行自測(cè)。
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