八年級英語上冊知識點歸納
故有知識的人,道義上有為后者代言的義務。人最容易喪失的是同情心,而杜甫就是一個正面例子。下面小編給大家分享一些八年級英語上冊知識點歸納,希望能夠幫助大家,歡迎閱讀!
八年級英語上冊知識點1
I’m going to study computer science.
【重點詞語/短語用法解析】
1.want to be/become + (職業(yè))名詞 :“想要成為…..”
I want to be (be) a scientistwhen I grow up.
2.write stories 寫故事
tell stories 講故事
3.keep on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事(表動作的反復)
keeping doing sth. 保持做某事(表動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù))
4. besure about +名/代/V-ing“肯定”
Are you sure about that?
make sure (that)+從句“…...確保...…”
Make sure that both doors are closed whenyou go out.
5.learn sth. We must learn English every day.
learn to do sth. I amgoing to learn to play ( play) the piano.
6. discuss v. 討論;商量 名詞是discussion
discuss with sb. 與某人討論 :
Discuss this question with yourpartner.
Let’sdiscuss this problem. 讓我們討論一下這個問題。
All we need now is action, not discussion. 我們現(xiàn)在需要的是行動,不是討論。
7. beable to do sth. 能夠做某事
(1)can : can+動詞原形,無人稱和數(shù)的變化。只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時,不能用于將來時。
be able to + 動詞原形,有人稱和數(shù)的變化,可用于多種時態(tài)。
(2)can 常指客觀上能夠;be able to 更側(cè)重于經(jīng)過努力、克服一定困難有能力做成某事。
He will be able to(能夠) speak English next year.(在此不能填can)
8.promise n. 承諾;諾言 v. 許諾;承諾;答應
make a promise(to sb) (對某人)許下諾言
keep a promise 遵守諾言
break a promise 違背諾言
promise (sb) to do sth. 許諾某人干某事
promise (sb) +that 從句
He promised to help me. 他許諾過要幫助我。
I promised that I study hard from nowon. 我承諾從現(xiàn)在起努力學習。
9.have to do with 關(guān)于;與……有關(guān)系
The book has to do with computers. 那本書與計算機有關(guān)。
10. takeup sth./doing sth.(尤指為消遣)學著做;開始做
I am going to take up cooking next year. 明年我將要學煮飯。
11. Sometimesthe resolutions may be too difficult to keep.
too+形容詞/副詞 to+動詞原形,表示“太…...而不能...…”如:
The kid is too young to play thisgame. 這個小孩太小,不能玩這個游戲。
12.one’sown +名詞 “某人自己的東西”, 強調(diào)某物為個人所有
my own book 我自己的書本
【重點語法】
一般將來時“am/is/are going to +動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)
1. 基本形式
否定式:am/is/are not going to +動詞原形
一般疑問式:am/is/are +主語+ going to + 動詞原形+其他?
特殊疑問式:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問式?
He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在倫敦度假。
Look at the dark clouds. There is going tobe a storm. 看那烏云,快要下雨了。
Is he going to collect any data forus? 他會幫我們收集數(shù)據(jù)嗎?
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么?
2. 基本用法
(1)表示事先經(jīng)過考慮、安排好打算、計劃要做某事。
Dad and I are going to watch an opera thisafternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。
(2)表示根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷,某事非常有可能發(fā)生,表示推測。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It isgoing to rain.
瞧!烏云密集。天要下雨了。
八年級英語上冊知識點2
Ifyou go to the party,
you’llhave a great time!
【重點詞語/短語用法解析】
1. have agreat time 意為“玩得愉快”,=enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good /wonderful / nice time
have a great / good time in(doing) sth. 做某事很開心
2. ask sb.(not)to do sth. 要求某人(不)做某事
The teachers ask us to do (do)lots of homework.
3. order sth. from+地點“從某地訂購食物”
I want to order some books fromthe book store.
4. keep…to oneself 保守秘密
5. unless conj. 除非;如果不
unless 引導的條件句表示在特定條件下,才決定做或不做一件事。=if...not
The concert will be held asschedule unless there is a typhoon.= The concert will be held as schedule ifthere is not a typhoon.
6. be afraidto do sth. 害怕干某事
I’m afraid to speak in front ofother people.
be afraid of sth. 害怕某事
He told me not to be afraid ofdifficulties.
be afraid +that從句
I’m afraid that I can’t finish ontime
7. be angry withsb.
We were angry with him forkeeping us waiting.
be angry at/about sth.
He is angry at/about your answer.
I was very angry at what he said.
8. in the end 最后;終于= at last/ finally
at the end of 在...末端;到...盡頭
He married the nice girl in theend/at last/finally.
The school is at the end of thestreet.
9. careless adj. 粗心的;反義詞:careful, 意為“小心的”。
The boy is very careless. 這個男孩很粗心。
He is more careful than me. 他比我認真。
10. advise v.“勸告;建議”n. advice, 是不可數(shù)名詞.
Give me some advice!
advise doing sth. 建議做某事。
advise sb.(not)to do sth. 建議某人(不)做某事
I advise waiting till the righttime. 我建議等到適當?shù)臅r候。
I advise him not to sleep lateevery day. 我建議他不要每天睡懶覺。
11. It’s best (not)to do sth. 最好(不)做某事
It’s best to speak English everyday.
12. run away from“ 從…逃離” “逃避”
13. cut …in half “切成兩半”
八年級英語上冊知識點3
Can you come to my party?
【重點詞語/短語用法解析】
1. one…another… 表示不確定數(shù)目中的另一個
one…theother… 表示兩者中的另一個
I don't like this one, canyou show me another?
I have two brothers. One is a lawyer andthe other is a manager.
some…others…表示沒有范圍限定的“一些…...另一些...…”
some…theothers… 表示某一范圍的“一些...…其余的…...”
Some go to school by bike and others go toschool by bus.
Some go to school by bike and the others goto school by bus.
2. invite v. 邀請 n. invitation
invite sb. to do sth.“邀請某人干某事”
invite sb. to+地點名詞
1) Mr. Green invited me to visit hisfactory last week.
2) Thanks a lot for your invitation
3) Thanks for inviting me to yourparty.
3.(1)What’s the date today? 意為“今天是幾月幾號?” It’s +月+日。
(2)What day isit today? 意為“今天是星期幾?”It’s + 星期幾。
—What’s thedate? —It’s September 10th.
—What day is it today? — It’s Wednesday.
4.have a lesson(class) 上課
have an English lesson
5.prepare v. 準備 n. preparation
prepare sth. “準備某物”,所準備的東西就是后面的賓語。
prepare for sth. “為……做準備”,指為后面的賓語做準備
prepare to do sth. “準備做某事”
6. bring...to…“帶來”把某物從別的地方帶到說話人的地方
take…to…“帶去”把某物從說話的地方帶到別處去。(兩者方向相反)
Bring your homework here, and take the bookaway.
把你的作業(yè)拿過來,把這本書帶走。
7.without(介詞)沒有 反義詞:with“具有”
We can’tlive without water.
Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair.
8. sothat +從句: 以便于;目的是
I study hard so that I can get good grades.
9.surprise n. 驚奇
surprised adj. 感到驚奇的(指人)
surprising adj. 令人驚奇的(指物)
be surprised at sth.“驚奇于某事”
to one’ssurprise “令某人驚奇的是”
① I’m surprisedat the surprising news. 我對這個令人驚訝的消息感到很吃驚。
② To my surprise, he left withoutleaving a word. 令我驚奇的是,他一聲不響地離開了。
10.look forward to (介詞)+名/代/V-ing
I look forward to your reply. 我期待你的答復。
I look forward to seeing you again.
11.hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. 收到某人的來信。
I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got aletter from my friend yesterday.
12.the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式
Exercising is the best way to keep healthy.
13.how to do that. “該怎么做”,疑問詞+to do sth常用來做賓語
I don’tknow how to make a banana milk shake.
I don’tknow what to do.
14.at the end of “在…末尾”
Now, it is at the end of 2014.
反義短語:at the beginning of “ 在…開始”
15.be glad/happy/sad to do sth.“很高興/難過做某事
I am glad to see you.
16.reply to sb./sth.“回復…”
Reply in writing to the invitation “以寫信形式回復這份邀請函”
【重點語法】
一. 表示邀請的句型
1. Can/Could you…(come to my party)?
2. Would you like to..( Would youlike to my party)?
接受:Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.
拒絕::① I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/must+V原 (陳述理由 )
② I’d love/liketo, but I … (理由)
3.I’mafraid not. I…(理由)
二. must與have to
1. must 表示主觀“必須”;must 表示“主觀上的要求”,無人稱和時態(tài)的變化,否定回答: needn’t 或 don't have to (不必)。mustn’t 表示“禁止”.
2. have to表客觀需要,有人稱和時態(tài)變化,否: don’t / doesn’t /didn’t have to (沒必要)
—Must I be home before eight o’clock? 8點之前我必須回家嗎?
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn't. / No,you don't have to.
八年級英語上冊知識點4
Howdo you make a banana milk shake?
【重點詞語/短語用法解析】
1.cut是“切, 割”的意思,過去式為cut。
cut up 意為“切碎”
Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.
Cut it /them up.
2.turn on 打開, 接通(電流、煤氣、水等)
turn off 關(guān)掉,截斷(電流、煤氣、水等)
turn up 開大,調(diào)高(音量、熱量等)
turn down 調(diào)低,關(guān)小(音量、熱量等)
3.one more thing 另外一件事情
another ten minutes 再多十分鐘
數(shù)字+ more + 物品 指“另外的……
another + 數(shù)字 +物品 指“另外的……
當數(shù)字為one時,常與more連用或只用 another。
Give me two more hamburgers?
another two hamburgers
4. forgetto do sth. 忘記(去)做某事
forgetdoing sth. 忘記已做過某事。
5. It’s a time (for sb). to do sth. 該是(某人)做某事的時期了
It’stime (for sb.)to dosth. =It’s time for sth. 該是(某人)做某事的時間了。
It’sa time for you to study English.
It’stime for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)
6.give thanks for +名/代V-ing “感恩...…”
We should give thanks for our parents.
He gave thanks for life and food.
7.Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a bigmeal.
by+sth./doing :
1)以…...方式 I study English by listening toEnglish songs.
2)在...…的旁邊 I am sitting by the pool.
3)在...…之前 I have to go to school by 8:00.
4)搭乘 I go to school by bus.
8.Here is +名單(賓語) “這是…” 是倒裝句
Here is a photo of my family.
Here are+名復
Here are some English books.
當賓語是代詞時,要用順裝。如:Here you are.(對) Here are you.(錯)
9.fill sth. with sth. 用...…把…...裝滿 (強調(diào)動作)
be full of“裝滿…”(強調(diào)狀態(tài))
I filled the cup with themilk.
The cup is full of the milk.
10.put…in(into)…把…...放到...… 里
11.cover…with…用…...覆蓋
12.cut …into把…...切成...… Cut the apple into four pieces.
cutup… 切碎
13.serve v. 服務 n. service
serve +名/代“提供…” The shop serves nice food.
serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables.
serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人” Serve the guests with some tea.
【重點語法】
名詞:名詞是表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象及其它抽象概念名稱的詞。
一、名詞分為專有名詞和普通名詞。
專有名詞是表示具體的人、事物、地點、或機構(gòu)等的專有名稱。
如:Guangzhou,Mike,UNESCO等。
專有名詞一般情況下第一個字母要大寫。
普通名詞是表示一類人、事物或抽象概念的名稱。
如:police,eggs,rice等。
二、普通名詞又可分為個體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。
個體名詞:表示某一類人或某一類東西中的個體。
如:monkey,panda,ruler,boy等。
集體名詞:表示一群人或一類事物的總稱。
如:family,police,class,people等。
物質(zhì)名詞:表示無法分為個體或不具備確定形狀和大小的實物。
如:Water,air,milk等。
抽象名詞:表示抽象概念詞。
如:hope,love,spirit。
英語的名詞有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩種。
一般來說,個體名詞和集體名詞多為可數(shù)名詞,物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞多為不可數(shù)名詞。
三、名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)的規(guī)則總結(jié)
1. 規(guī)則變化
(1)一般在名詞詞尾加"-s",
map—maps地圖
bird—birds鳥
orange—oranges 桔子
bike—bikes自行車
(2)以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞加"-es"
box—boxes盒子
class—classes班級
watch—watches手表
dish-dishes盤,碟子,餐具
(3)以o結(jié)尾的無生命的名詞后面加"-s"
photo—photos相片
radio—radios收音機
zoo—zoos動物園
以o結(jié)尾的有生命的名詞后面加"-es"
tomato—tomatoes西紅柿
potato—potatoes土豆
hero—heroes英雄
negro—negroes黑人
(4)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i加"-es "
baby—babies嬰兒
family—families家庭
以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞直接加"-s"
boy—boys男孩
toy—toys 玩具
(5)以fe或f結(jié)尾的名詞,把fe或f變?yōu)関加”-es “
knife—knives小刀
wife—wives妻子
leaf—leaves樹葉。
2. 不規(guī)則變化
(1)child---children
foot---feet
tooth---teeth
mouse---mice
man---men
woman---women
注意:與 man 和 woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復數(shù)形式也是 -men 和-women。
如:an Englishman,two Englishmen。
但German不是合成詞,故復數(shù)形式為Germans。
Bowman是姓,其復數(shù)是the Bowmans。
(2)單復同形的名詞
如:deer鹿,sheep綿羊,fish魚,
Chinese中國人,Japanese日本人
li里,jin斤,yuan元
注意:除人民幣元、角、分外,美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復數(shù)形式。如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
(3)集體名詞,以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),但實為復數(shù)。
如:people人, police警察,cattle牛等本身就是復數(shù),不能說 a people,apolice,a cattle.
但可以說 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle
theEnglish,the British,theFrench,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名詞,表示國民總稱時,作復數(shù)用。
如:The Chinese are hard-working and brave.
中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。
3. 以s結(jié)尾,仍為單數(shù)的名詞
(1)maths數(shù)學,politics政治(學),physics物理學等學科名詞,為不可數(shù)名詞,是單數(shù)。
(2)news消息、新聞是不可數(shù)名詞。
(3)the United States美國,the United Nations聯(lián)合國應視為單數(shù)。
The United Nations was organized in 1945. 聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。
(4)以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名,劇名,報紙,雜志名,也視為單數(shù)。
"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事書。
4. 注意兩點
(1)表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西,如:glasses (眼鏡) trousers, clothes 若表達具體數(shù)目,要借助數(shù)量詞 pair(對,雙); suit(套);a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
(2)還有一些名詞,其復數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思,如:goods貨物,waters水域,fishes(各種)魚
四、不可數(shù)名詞
不可數(shù)名詞意味著這些名詞只能是單數(shù),沒有復數(shù)形式,不能與數(shù)目字如one, two等連用,也不能加不定冠詞a(n)。
不可數(shù)名詞沒有單數(shù)、復數(shù)之分,但我們在生活中有時候又必需給這些詞計量,我們于是采用這種方法:a+表示這些東西的單位+of+不可數(shù)名詞,
如:acup of tea,a box of milk,apiece of paper等。
如果為了表示多個的概念,我們就將表示這些東西的單位變成復數(shù)即可。
如:acup of tea---3 cups of tea,a box of milk---12 boxes ofmilk,A piece of paper---100 pieces of paper
【注意】
a. 當物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個體名詞時為可數(shù)。例如:
Cakeis a kind of food.蛋糕是一種食物(不可數(shù))
Thesecakes are sweet. 這些蛋糕很好吃。(可數(shù))
b. 當物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時,可數(shù)。例如:
Thisfactory produces steel.這個工廠生產(chǎn)鋼材。(不可數(shù))
Weneed various steels.我們需要各種各樣的鋼材。(可數(shù))
c. 當物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時,可數(shù)。例如:
Our country is famous for tea. 我國因茶葉而聞名。
Twoteas, please. 請來兩杯茶。
d. 抽象名詞表示具體的事例時也可數(shù)。例如:
fourfreedoms 四大自由
thefour modernizations 四個現(xiàn)代化
八年級英語上冊知識點5
Will people have robots?
【重點詞語/短語用法解析】
1.many+可數(shù)名詞 許多......
much+不可數(shù)名詞 許多......
2.live to be+基數(shù)詞 + years old“活到...…歲”
3. bein great danger 處在極大的危險中
4.play a part in +名/代/V-ing. 參與某事/做某事
Everyone should play a part in saving theearth.
5.help (sb.) with sth. 幫助(某人)做某事
He often helps me with my English.
help sb. (to) do sth. 幫助(某人)做……
He often helps me study English.
help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等)
Help yourself to the fish. 請隨便吃魚
6.the same as… 和……一樣...... 反義短語:be different from
7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了……時間做某事(時態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況決定)
It takes me an hour to get to my office.
spend time/moneyon sth. 在……上花費時間(金錢)
sb. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花費時間(金錢)做某事。
I spent two hours on this math problem. 這道數(shù)學題花了我個小時。
They spent two years building this bridge. 造這座橋花了他們兩年時間。
8.hundreds of + 名詞復數(shù) 許多/大量......
數(shù)詞+hundred + 名詞復數(shù) 幾百......
類似的數(shù)詞還有thousand(千) , million(萬)
There are four hundred students in ourgrade.
There are hundreds of tourists in Beijingevery year.
9.during 在…期間
during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend
10.the meaning of …的意思
Can you tell me the meaning of the words?
【重點語法】
一般將來時
一、一般將來時的含義
一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài),或?qū)斫?jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。
二、一般將來時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
1. will/shall+動詞原形
will 在陳述句中用于各種人稱;shall用于第一人稱,常被will 所代替。
否定式:will not=won't;shall not=shan't
一般疑問式:will/shall+主語+動詞原形+其他?
特殊疑問式:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問式?
Iwill/shall do a better job next time. 下次我要做得好些。
Oiland water will not mix. 油和水沒法混在一起。
—Willhe help you with your English tonight? 今天晚上他會幫助你學習英語嗎?
—Yes,he will./No, he won't. 是的,他會。/不,他不會。
—Whenwill you arrive for America? 你什么時候去美國?
—Tomorrow. 明天。
2.am/is/are going to +動詞原形
否定式:am/is/are not going to +動詞原形
一般疑問式:am/is/are +主語+ going to + 動詞原形+其他?
特殊疑問式:特殊疑問詞+一般疑問式?
He isgoing to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在倫敦度假。
Lookat the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那烏云,快要下雨了。
Is hegoing to collect any data for us? 他會幫我們收集數(shù)據(jù)嗎?
Whatare you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么?
三、一般將來時的用法
will+動詞原形與am/is/are going to +動詞原形的用法雖然都表示將來發(fā)生動作或情況,一般情況下能互換。但它們的用法是有區(qū)別的。
1.will主要用于在以下三個方面:
(1)表示主觀意愿的將來。
Theywill go to visit the factory tomorrow.
明天他們將去廠參觀工廠。
I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.
我將和王兵、劉濤、楊玲一起來。
(2)表示不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀的將來。
Todayis Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.
今天是星期六。明天是(將)是星期日。
Hewill be thirty years old this time next year.
明年這個時候他就(將)三十歲。
(3)表示臨時決定,通常用于對話中。
—Maryhas been ill for a week.
瑪麗病了一周了。
—Oh,I didn't know. I will go and see her.
噢,我不知道。我去看看她。
2. begoing to主要用于一下兩個方面:
(1)表示事先經(jīng)過考慮、安排好打算、計劃要做某事。
Dadand I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。
(2)表示根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷,某事非常有可能發(fā)生,表示推測。
Look!There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧!烏云密集。天要下雨了。
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