八年級上冊英語知識點總結(jié)歸納
八年級上冊英語知識點總結(jié)歸納人教版
期末的復(fù)習(xí)總是容易讓人緊張,不知道同學(xué)們復(fù)習(xí)的如何呢?關(guān)于八年級英語重要知識點又有哪些呢?以下是小編準(zhǔn)備的一些八年級上冊英語知識點總結(jié)歸納,僅供參考。
八年級英語上冊知識點總結(jié)
Module 1
一、語法
1. Why don’t you do ... ?
提建 2. Why not do ... ? Thanks!
議的 3. You should (shouldn’t) do ... . 回答 Good!
表達(dá) 4. It’s a good idea to do ... . Excellent!
方式 5. Try (not) to do ... .
6. How about/ What about doing ... ?
二、重點句子
1. You should speak English in class.
2. You should write down your mistakes in your notebooks.
3. Why don’t you write down the correct spelling and grammar next to the mistakes?
4. How about listening to the radio or reading a newspaper in English?
5. Try not to translate every word.
6. Everyone should have a pen friend and write email messages to each other.
7. It’s a good idea to check your vocabulary notebook every day.
Module 2~4
現(xiàn)在完成時:
1. 過去發(fā)生或完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成了一定的影響和后果;
2. 結(jié)構(gòu):由助動詞have/has +動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成;
肯定句
現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句式是“have(has)+過去分詞”。
注意:該句式中的have或has是助動詞,has用于第三人稱單數(shù),其它人稱一律用have。
疑問句
現(xiàn)在完成時的.一般疑問句式是把助動詞have或has提到主語之前。
回答:Yes, … have(has).
No, … haven’t(hasn’t).
否定句:
現(xiàn)在完成時的否定句式是“haven't(hasn't)+過去分詞”。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語:already, just, yet, since, ever, never;
4. 與一般過去時的區(qū)別:一般過去時是強調(diào)動作在過去發(fā)生,而現(xiàn)在完成時是強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對 現(xiàn)在造成了影響和后果。
5.一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, just now, …ago, last week, 2 years ago,in 1980等。
例:
We
planted
(plant) some flowers in the garden last week.
I
have sent
(send) the letter.
He
has come
(come ) back home, he
is watching
(watch)
TV now.
David finished
(finish) his homework just now.
The monkeys are full, because we have fed
(feed) them.
A: I have lost
(lose) my purse!
B. Bad luck! When
did
you
lose
(lose) it?
A: I
lost
(lose) it last night.
與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的幾個副詞:already, just, ever, yet, never
肯定句: already, just
疑問句和否定句: ever, yet, never
yet 常置于句末
already, never, ever just一般置于助動詞have/has之后,過去分詞之前.
例:用 already, just或never, yet完成句子
1) I have been to many big cities, but I have never been to Shanghai.
2) Most of us have already finished our compositions.
3) Have they taken down the old pictures yet ? No, not yet .
4) He has already visited Beijing twice.
5) I have just heard the news. I know it.
7. 現(xiàn)在完成時中的for和since
(1)for + 一段時間(用How long提問)
We have known each other for ten years. 我們相識10年了。
(2)since + 句子/具體時間
since 引導(dǎo)的短語或從句用How long提問
①since+過去一個時間點(具體的年、月、日、鐘點等)。
Tom has eaten nothing since yesterday.
②since + 一段時間+ago
We have been friends since five months ago. 從5個月前起,我們就成了朋友。
③since+從句,表示“自過去某個時間、某件事情以來”,從句時態(tài):一般過去時。
I have lived here since I left Shanghai.
④It is+一段時間+since從句,表示“自從某件事發(fā)生已有一段時間了”。
It is two years since I left school.
8. 在含for或since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語的現(xiàn)在完成時中,謂語動詞只能用延續(xù)性動詞。非延續(xù)性動詞不能直接和for或since 連用。
leave --- be away die --- be dead
begin/start --- be on finish --- be over
come here --- be here go there --- be there
come back --- be back fall asleep --- be asleep
get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in) leave --- be away from
go (get) out --- be out open sth --- keep sth open
join --- be in+組織機構(gòu)/be a member of+組織機構(gòu)
fall ill --- be ill get up --- be up
catch a cold --- have a cold borrow --- keep
buy --- have get to know --- know
put on---wear
例:
1. The old man died 4 years ago.
The old man has been dead for 4 years.
2. It is 4 years since the old man died.
Four years has passed since the old man died.
3. He joined the Party 2 years ago.
He has been in the Party for 2 years.
4. I bought the book 5 days ago.
I have had the book for 5 days.
Module 5
反意疑問句:用于對某一事物或觀點沒有確切的把握,或者用于加強自己的觀點。
陳述句+簡短的一般疑問句 [助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+代詞]
肯定或否定 與陳述句的主語一致
肯定 否定
否定 肯定
注意:
1. 反問部分的be動詞,助動詞或情態(tài)動詞要與陳述句部分一致。
2. 陳述句與反問句在時態(tài)和人稱上要一致。
3. 陳述句部分如果為否定句或含有否定意義的詞(如:nothing,never, little, few等),反問句要用肯定式;陳述句部分如果式肯定句,反問部分要用否定式。
例:
He was not at home at that time, was he?
May listens to pops everyday, doesn’t she?
We know nothing about him, do we?
You haven’t heard of him, have you?
4. 當(dāng)句子為祈使句時,反問句一般用will you,表示請求或建議對方作某事,詢問對方是否愿意。
注:當(dāng)祈使句為“Let’s ...”結(jié)構(gòu)時,用shall we 反問。
Drive more slowly, will you?
Let’s walk out of the library quietly, shall we?
5. 回答:看陳述句的肯定部分,當(dāng)事實為肯定時,用Yes;事實為否定時,用No。
當(dāng)陳述句為否定句時,把否定部分忽略,只看肯定部分的意思。
Module 6
過去進(jìn)行時
1. 基本概念
表示在過去某一具體時間內(nèi)的某一持續(xù)性行為,即過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作。
常和表示過去時間的詞組或從句連用。
2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):be動詞的過去式was/were+現(xiàn)在分詞
即:was/were+doing
was用于第一人稱及第三人稱單數(shù),were用于第二人稱及復(fù)數(shù)。
3. 基本句型
肯定式:was/were + doing
I/She/He was working on the farm from 2 o’clock to 4 o’clock.
2點到4點我/她/他一直都在農(nóng)場里干活。
否定式:was/were + not+ doing
I/She/He wasn’t working on the farm from 2 o’clock to 4 o’clock.
2點到4點我/她/他并不在農(nóng)場里干活。
疑問式:把was/were放于句首。
—Were you/they working on the farm from 2 o’clock to 4 o’clock?
2點到4點你/你們/他們一直都在農(nóng)場里干活嗎?
—Yes, I was./Yes, we/they were.
是的,我/我們/他們在干活。
—No, I wasn’t./No, we/they weren’t.
不是,我/我們/他們并沒有在干活。
時間狀語:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時的時間狀語等。
4. 基本用法
(1)表示過去某時間正在進(jìn)行的動作或持續(xù)的行為,常和表過去的時間狀語連用。
I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
昨天的這個時候我正在做作業(yè)。
(2)可用來為另一個動作的發(fā)生提供背景。表示背景的句子通常用過去進(jìn)行時,而另一個句子則用一般過去時。
He hurt his leg when he was riding a bike.
他在騎車時把腿摔壞了。
5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時和過去進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別
表示說話時正在進(jìn)行的動作用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時。
I am writing a letter now. (am/is/are+doing)
Look! They are waiting for you.
We
are working
( work ) on a farm now.
Listen! Someone is knocking
(knock) at the door.
Lucy
isn’t reading
( not read) at the moment.
Where are they? They
are running
(run) outside.
表示過去某時正在進(jìn)行的動作要用過去進(jìn)行時。
My parents were watching TV at 8:30 yesterday evening.
I wasn’t doing my homework when he called me.
6. 一般過去時和過去進(jìn)行時的區(qū)別
相同點:兩者都表示過去發(fā)生的動作。
不同點:
過去時表示過去一個完成的動作。
過去進(jìn)行時表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動作,可能沒有完成。
e.g. He read a book last night.
昨天晚上他讀了一本書。(讀完了)
He was reading a story book last night.
昨天晚上他正在讀故事書。(還沒有讀完)
初二期末英語語法知識點總結(jié)歸納
1.主語:
表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事兒”,一般由名詞,代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或者短語充當(dāng)
例如:Gina is from Australia.
She often goes to the movies.
This kind of juice tastes good!
2.謂語:
主語發(fā)出的動作。一般是有動作意義的動詞。謂語和主語在人稱和數(shù)兩個方面必須保持一致。
例如: We are both quiet.
He has a smart phone.
You should study harder.
Her parents are teachers.
3. 賓語:
分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,屬于動作的承受者。
例如:He's playing soccer.
Good food and exercise help me to study harder.
4. 系動詞:
表示狀態(tài)或狀態(tài)變化的動詞,沒有實際的動作意義。如 be, 感官系動詞(look, sound, smell, taste 和 feel)、保持類系動詞(keep, stay 和 remain)、狀態(tài)變化類系動詞(become、get、turn 和 go)等。
This picture looks so beautiful.
Keep working, you will see the post office on your right.
5. 表語:
緊跟系動詞后面的成分。說明主語是什么或者怎么樣,由 n. adj. 或者相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或者短語,和系動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。
例如:Her mother is a bank clerk.
Are you ready?
We were at home last night.
如何提高初二英語成績
首先要教會科學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)方法,就是“三習(xí)”學(xué)習(xí)法。即:課前預(yù)先,課上學(xué)習(xí),課后復(fù)習(xí)。預(yù)先發(fā)現(xiàn)重點.難點和疑點。學(xué)習(xí)時認(rèn)真聽講.認(rèn)真思考.復(fù)習(xí)時要歸納分析知識點使之形成知識版塊,從而形成為自己頭腦中的知識的一部分。
關(guān)于語法,初二的每一個知識點都是初一的稍加拓展,而且知識本身也是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的?!畋热缛朔Q代詞,這時的重點已經(jīng)不是主格和賓格的區(qū)分,而是形容詞形物主代詞、名詞性無主代詞、反身代詞在情景對話以及寫作中的應(yīng)用。這時的重點已經(jīng)不是表達(dá)習(xí)慣性動作,而是平率副詞的使用規(guī)則。 還有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行、過去進(jìn)行等等時態(tài)的綜合訓(xùn)練。 其實它們都是我們以前就見過的,甚至很早就見過了,現(xiàn)在我們只是通過更加深入系統(tǒng)的學(xué)習(xí)使自己在面對這些題時更加從容地得分,提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。
學(xué)習(xí)英語要腳踏實地,沒有捷徑,但死記硬背也不是好方法。要大聲朗讀,反復(fù)訓(xùn)練發(fā)音器官和耳朵,這樣既可以提高聽力,又可以改進(jìn)口語發(fā)音,還記了單詞。利用一些好的方法能夠讓你更好地學(xué)習(xí)英語。